Ngake ngabuka $150,000 CNC umugqavala ngoba$90 SPDkwafakwa amakamelo amathathu ukusuka lapho. Lelo phutha elilodwa labangela isonto eligcwele lokulahlekelwa komkhiqizofuthi salahlekelwa yikhasimende esasilifuna iminyaka emibili.

Kulesi siqondisi, ngizokwabelana ezinhlanu ezivamile I-SPDamaphutha okufakwalokho kungenza kunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza, futhi ngichaze ukuthi ngizivimbela kanjani esitshalweni sami. Isifundo ngasinye sivela ekuhlulekeni kwangempela engikubonile ku IJalimane, iFrance, i-US, kanye ne-Indiangenkathi uhlinzeka ngamaphaneli e-Leikexing. Landela lawa macebiso, futhi uzophumelela ukuhlolwa kwakho okulandelayo kwensimu emzamweni wokuqala.

Indlela yokwenza Khetha Uhlobo Olufanele lwe-SPD

EDetroit, ngake ngakhetha isilinganiso se-voltage ye-SPD esingalungile, okubangela ukuba i-breaker ikhubekengesikhathi ngasinye sokuduma kwezuluNgenxa yalokho, ithimba lokulungisangokushesha walahlekelwa ukuzethembaemishinini yami.

Manje ngihlala fanisa i-Uc ye-SPDku-voltage yesistimu kanye no-10%, bese ukhetha Ikilasi elifanelengendawo yephaneli. Lesi sinyathelo esilula sinayo kuncishiswe uhambo oluphazamisayo ngaphezu kuka-80%.

Indlela yokufunda amagama e-IEC kanye ne-UL

I-UL 1449 ichaza ama-SPD njenge Uhlobo 1, Uhlobo 2, kanye nohlobo 3,

kuyilapho i-IEC 61643-11 isebenzisa iSigaba I, iSigaba II, kanye neSigaba III.

Zombili izinhlelo zokuqamba amagama zichaza indawo ye-SPD ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sikagesi sesakhiwo.

Ngiphrinta leli tafula bese ngilinamathisela ngaphakathi kweminyango yonke yephaneli.

Iyamisa impikiswano ethi “ifanela wonke umuntu ngobukhulu obufanayo” ngaphambi kokuba iqale.

Izithiyo ze-voltage kanye nokucushwa

Okwe Uhlelo lwe-277Y/480V, i-SPD kumele ilinganiswe okungenani i-320 V Uc, hhayi u-275 V. Ukusebenzisa isilinganiso esiphansi kubangela Ama-MOV (i-metal-oxide varistors) ashisa ngokweqile futhi ahluleke phakathi nezinyanga.
Ngiphinde ngiqaphele kakhulu izinhlelo ze-delta ezinezigaba ezintathu eziphakeme. Khetha njalo i-SPD uhlu olucacile "lokuqhosha"ekhasini layo ledatha; ngaphandle kwalokho, isigaba esiphakathi singase sidlulele kakhulu ku-varistor, okunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuphila kwayo.

Indaba yangempela evela eFrance

Aindawo yokugcina izinto ezibandayo eduze kwaseLyononolwazi ukulahlekelwa ama-compressor amaningi njalo entwasahlobo.
Iphaneli yayine- Uhlobo 2 lwe-SPD, kodwa i-feeder wangena phezulu washaya isakhiwo ngaphambi kwemitha eyinhloko.
Siyishintshe nge- I-SPD ehlanganisiwe ye-Class I + Class IIfuthi wanezela inkinobho yokunqamula ehlanganisiwe.
Ngemva kwalezi zinguquko, isikhathi sokungasebenzi kwemishini sehle saya ku-zero, kanye neklayentibasayine inkontileka yohlaka lweminyaka emithathu.

Gcina i-SPD yakho iseduze nePhaneli Eyinhloko

Ngake ngafaka i-SPD ku-ikhabhinethi yephasijingoba ugesi uthe kukhona "Akukho ndawo ephaneli."
I ukuhamba kwekhebula kwakungamamitha angu-25, okubangelai-voltage edlulayo emthwalweni ukuze ifinyelele ku-1,800 V—okuphindwe kabili ukubekezelelana okulinganiselwe yidrayivu.
Manje, ngihlala ngihola i-SPD mfushane kunemitha elilodwabese ufaka iyunithi ku-ipuleti langemuva elifanayo ne-breaker eyinhloko noma nini lapho kungenzeka.
Lo mthetho olula ugcinai-voltage yokubopha ngokuphephile ngaphansi kuka-800 V.

Kungani ubude be-lead budlula ama-ohms

Yonke intambo isebenza njenge-inductor.
Ukuze uthole Ukuphakama okungu-8/20 µs, imitha eli-1 yentambo engu-12 AWG ingeza cishe i-µH eli-1, okudala mayelana 1 kV kanye ne-1 kA/µs.
Ithebula elingezansi ibonisa ukwanda kwamandla kagesi okubangelwa ubude bentambo eyengeziwe:

Imitha ngayinye eyengeziwe yocingoichitha inzuzo ye-SPD esezingeni eliphezulu.
Ngihlala ngikhumbuza ithimba lami: "Uma kudingeka umholi omude, hambisa iphaneli esikhundleni se-SPD."

Ukulungiswa kwensimu e-Indiana

Ngesikhathi isitshalo sepulasitiki, i-SPD yafakwa ku-mezzanine 30 ft kudekusuka kuphaneli eyinhloko.
Singeze i- iphaneli yesibili ingamafidi amabili ukusuka enhlokofuthi bathutha i-SPD.
Ngenxa yalokho,i-voltage evumela ukudlula yehle kusukela ku-1,500 V kuya ku-680 V, kanye Ama-alamu e-VFD amile.

Vimbela izintambo ze-SPD ezinde noma ezisontekile

Ngibone ukufakwa lapho ugesi eshiye khonaizintambo ezigoqiwe "zokulungiswa kwesikhathi esizayo".

Lezi zikhoyili zazisebenza njenge iziphethu ezikhuthazayo, engeza 2 µH, okwabangela i-voltage yokunyuka ikhuphukele ku-1,400 V.

Sika njalo I-SPD iholela ebude obufushane kakhululokho kusavumela umnyango wephaneli ukuthi uvale, futhi usebenzeumugqa kanye nokungathathi hlangothi eceleniukukhansela amasimu kagesi.
Gwemaama-coil, ukugoba okubukhali, kanye nezinqwaba eziboshwe nge-zip.

 Imithetho yokuxhumanisa izintambo engiyilandelayo

1. Susa ubude obuqondile bentambo obudingekayo kuphelaye-lug.

2.Gcina umugqa, ungathathi hlangothi, futhi uhambisane nomhlabathi; ungalokothi ujikeleze.  

3. Yenza wonke ama-lug abe ngokwezidingo zomenzi;ama-lugs akhululekile angase i-arc ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Twist elebhu

Sakheukusethwa kokuhlolwa okubili: eyodwa ene Izintambo ezigoqiwe ezingama-30 cm, kanye nenye ene imikhondo eqondile engu-20 cm.
Ku-3 kA 8/20 µs, i ukusethwa okugoqekile kuvunyelwe kudlule ku-1,200 V, ngenkathi ama-lead aqondile avunyelwe kuphela ama-V angu-680.
Ukubonisa lesi sithombe kochwepheshe bezogesi abasha kuxazulula ngokushesha impikiswano,ngempumelelo kakhulu kunamazwi.

 Qinisekisa ukuthi i-SPD ibekwe kahle

I-SPD Ukunamathela ethaleni lephaneli elipendiwe cishe akusizi ngalutho.
Endaweni ethile eMumbai, ngilinganise 4 Ohmukumelanaphakathi kwe-SPD nomhlaba, okuyinto ukusebenza okuncishiswe kakhulu.
Sebenzisa njalo isibopho sethusi esingu-6 AWG esizinikelekusukela kubha yomhlabathi ye-SPD kuya endaweni yokugcina enkulu yokudonsa umhlaba, kanye qinisekisa ukuthi i-impedance ingaphansi kuka-0.1 Ωnge-micro-ohmmeter.
Ukuchitha imizuzu emihlanu eyengeziwe lapha kungavimbela ukubizwa kabusha okubizayo.

Uhlu lokuhlola uhlelo lwe-electrode yomhlabathi

Uma noma yikuphi ukulinganisa kwehluleka, faka induku eyengeziwe noma indandatho yokumisa ngaphambi kokuvala iphaneli.
Ukunikeza ikhasimende umbiko kwakha ukuzethemba ekufakweni.

 Ucwaningo lwecala: IBerlin

Ihholo ledatha liphumelele ukuhlolwa kwe-hipot kodwa lahluleka ukuhlolwa kokuhlinzwa.
I-SPD ground lug yayifakwe kupende olufakwe ufulawa.
Ngemva kokuyishintsha nge-star washer kanye ne-re-torquing, ukuhlolwa kokuhlinzwa kwadlula futhi umhloli wamabhuku wavuma uhlelo ngakusasa ekuseni.

Hlola Isimo se-SPD Njalo

“Beka bese ukhohlwa” kuyindlela yokucabanga eyingozi.
Endaweni ethile eVietnam, i-PLC yehlulekile ngoba i-SPD yayiphenduke yaba bomvu eminyakeni emibili edlule futhi ayizange ihlolwe.

Sebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwesimo se-LED kwekota bese ubhala phansi ukufundwa ephepheni lokulungisa elisekelwe efwini.
Uma inkomba ingekho luhlaza, shintsha imodyuli ngokushesha.

 Icebiso lokuqapha kude

Ama-SPD amaningi abonisa ukuxhumana okungenakho amathuba.
Yixhume kuphaneli ye-SCADA ukuze opharetha bathole isexwayiso se-imeyili ngaphambi kwesiphepho esilandelayo.

 Ukuqhathaniswa kwezindleko: ukushintshana kwemodyuli uma kuqhathaniswa nokwehluleka kwemishini

Lezi zinombolo ziqinisekisa ngokusobala isabelomali sonyaka samamojula asele.

Isiphetho

Ngilahlekelwe yimali kuwo wonke amaphutha angenhla kwaze kwaba yilapho ngibhala le mithetho emihlanu ekhadini futhi ngiyinamathisela ngaphakathi kwesigqoko sami.

Ziphrinte, zilandele, futhi i-SPD yakho elandelayo izovikela umthwalo, hhayi iwaranti kuphela.