Umhlahlandlela Ophelele we-SPD Wezinhlelo ze-PV kanye Nokuvikelwa Kokukhuphuka Kwelanga

Ngivame ukuzizwa ngicindezelekile uma ngibona amaphrojekthi elanga onakele ngenxa yokuqhuma okukhulu okungazelelwe, ngakho-ke ngithembele ku- Idivayisi Evikelayo Yokukhuphuka ukugcina zonke izinhlelo zizinzile.

A Idivayisi Evikelayo Yokukhuphuka Ivikela izinhlelo ze-PV ngokuphambukisa ama-voltage spikes ayingozi asuke kumaphaneli, kuma-inverter, kanye nasezifundeni zikagesi. Inciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi, ivimbela ukwehluleka kwemishini, futhi iqinisekisa ukuphepha kwesikhathi eside kokubili ezinhlangothini ze-AC kanye ne-DC zokufakwa kwelanga.

Kulesi siqondisi, ngizokukhombisa zonke izingxenye zokuvikelwa kokuqhuma kwelanga ukuze ukwazi ukwenza izinqumo zobuchwepheshe eziqinisekile nganoma yimuphi umsebenzi we-PV.

Iyini i-SPD nokuthi kungani izinhlelo ze-Solar PV ziyidinga

Bengivame ukubona izinhlelo ze-PV zihluleka ngenxa yokuphelelwa ngamandla kagesi okungalindelekile, ngakho-ke manje angikaze ngiklame iphrojekthi ngaphandle kwelungelo Idivayisi Evikelayo Yokukhuphuka endaweni.

I-SPD yelanga ivikela izinhlelo ze-PV ngokumunca noma ukuphambukisa umbani, ukushintsha ama-transient, kanye nokuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuba kufinyelele ezingxenyeni ezibucayi. Kuyasiza ekuvimbeleni umonakalo we-inverter, kunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa, futhi kuqinisekise ukusebenza kwesikhathi esizinzile kohlelo.

Ukufakwa kwe-solar PV kusebenza ngaphandle, ngakho-ke kubhekana nezingozi zikagesi eziqhubekayo ezivela ekukhanyeni, amaphutha egridi, kanye nemicimbi yokushintsha. Ngenxa yokuthi amaphaneli nama-inverter asekelwe kuma-semiconductor, azwela kakhulu ngisho nasekukhuphukeni kwamandla kagesi okuncane. Emsebenzini wami nezimboni ezahlukene kanye nezinkampani ze-EPC, ngibonile ukuthi ukwehluleka kwasekuqaleni cishe njalo kuvela ekuchayekeni kokuqhuma kwamandla kagesi kunokonakala okuvamile. Yingakho ngiphatha ukuvikelwa kokuqhuma kwamandla kagesi njengemfuneko eyinhloko yokuklama, hhayi into yokuzikhethela.

Incazelo ye-SPD ezinhlelweni zikagesi nezelanga

I-SPD iyithuluzi eliqondisa kabusha i-overvoltage yesikhashana ohlelweni lokusekela phansi. Ezinhlelweni ze-PV, ivikela izintambo ze-DC, ama-inverter, amabhokisi okuhlanganisa, ukusatshalaliswa kwe-AC, kanye nemigqa yokuxhumana.

Izimbangela Ezivamile Zokukhuphuka Kokufakwa Kwe-PV

Izinhlelo ze-PV zibhekene nokunyuka okuvela ku:
• umbani (oqondile noma obangelwayo)
• imisebenzi yokushintsha
• ukuphazamiseka kwegridi yezinsizakusebenza
• ukusebenza kwekhebula okude okwandisa ama-voltage esikhashana

Kungani Ukuvikelwa Kokukhuphuka Kubaluleke Kakhulu Kumaphaneli Elanga Nama-Inverters

Amaphaneli nama-inverter onakala kalula yizipikhi zesikhashana. Uma ngivakashela izimboni, iningi lama-inverter onakele libonisa amamaki okukhuphuka acacile esigabeni sokufaka. Ama-SPD afanele anciphisa kakhulu le ngozi.

Indlela Ubuchwepheshe be-MOV Obusebenza Ngayo Ngaphakathi Kwamadivayisi Okuvikela Ukwanda

Ngikhumbula okokuqala ngivula i-SPD ehlulekile; i-MOV block yalandisa yonke indaba yokuthi uhlelo lubhekane kanjani nokwanda okukhulu.

Ubuchwepheshe be-MOV buvumela i- Idivayisi Evikelayo Yokukhuphuka ukuvimba i-voltage ephezulu ngokushintsha kusuka ekumelaneni okuphezulu kuya ekumelaneni okuphansi ngaphakathi kwamasekhondi amancane. Imunca amandla amaningi bese iwathumela emhlabathini ngokuphephile ngaphambi kokuba imishini yonakale.

I-MOV iyinhliziyo yemiklamo eminingi ye-SPD yezimboni. Ngivame ukuchazela amaqembu okuthenga ukuthi ikhwalithi ye-MOV inquma ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside. I-MOV ebuthakathaka isho ukuwohloka kwasekuqaleni kanye namazinga okuvikela angalindelekile. Yingakho amafektri adinga ukuthembeka ukuvikelwa kokuqhuma kwamafektri hlola njalo ukuziphatha kwe-MOV ngaphansi kwemijikelezo yokucindezeleka ephindaphindwayo ngaphambi kokuvuma umhlinzeki.

Iyini i-MOV nokuthi isebenza kanjani

I-MOV (Metal Oxide Varistor) isebenza njenge-resistor encike ku-voltage. Uma i-voltage ijwayelekile, ivimba ugesi. Uma i-voltage ikhuphuka ngaphezu komkhawulo wayo, iqhuba ngokushesha ukukhuphuka komhlabathi.

Ukuziphatha kwe-MOV Ngesikhathi Se-Voltage Spikes

Ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka, ukumelana kwe-MOV kwehla kakhulu, okudala indlela ephephile yamandla okukhuphuka. Ngemva kokubopha, ibuyela ekumelaneni okuphezulu.

Izindlela Zokwehluleka kwe-MOV kanye Nokucatshangelwa Kokuphepha

Izindlela ezivamile zokwehluleka kwe-MOV zifaka phakathi ukushisa ngokweqile, ukuguguleka, kanye nokubaleka kokushisa. Yingakho ngihlala ngincoma amamojula okuxhuma ukushisa kuma-PV SPD.

Izinhlobo Zamadivayisi Okuvikela Ukuqhuma Asetshenziswa Ezinhlelweni Zelanga

Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokusingatha ukuhlolwa kwemboni kanye namaphrojekthi elanga, ngafunda ukuthi ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele lwe-SPD kunquma ukuthi uhlelo lwe-PV luyasinda yini esikhathini sombani.

Uhlobo 1, Uhlobo 2, kanye nama-SPD ohlobo lwesithathu ahlinzeka ngamazinga ahlukene okuvikela ekukhanyeni nasekushintsheni kwamandla. Uhlobo 1 luphatha umbani oqondile, Uhlobo 2 luphatha i-overvoltage, kanye nohlobo 3 luvikela amadivayisi okugcina kanye nama-electronics abucayi.

Amaqembu amaningi okuthenga agxila ekwehlukeni kwamanani phakathi kwezinhlobo ze-SPD, kodwa ngihlala ngichaza ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye ludlala indima ehlukile. Uhlelo lusebenza kahle kakhulu uma luhlanganiswa njengochungechunge oluphelele lokuvikela. Izinkampani ze-solar EPC ezidlula uhlobo olulodwa zivame ukubhekana nokwehluleka kwe-inverter okuphindaphindiwe ngesikhathi seziphepho. Ngezansi ukuqhathanisa okusheshayo:

Ithebula 1 - Izinhlobo ze-SPD kanye Nemisebenzi Yazo

Uhlobo 1 lwe-SPD lokuvikela umbani

Isetshenziswa ezinyangweni zesevisi ukuze ikhiphe imisinga emikhulu yombani.

Thayipha i-SPD yesi-2 yokuvikela i-Overvoltage

Kufakwe eduze kwama-inverter ukuvikela ekushintsheni nasekukhuphukeni okubangelwayo.

Uhlobo lwe-SPD 3 lokuvikela idivayisi ye-terminal

Kusetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwezifunda zokulawula ezizwelayo.

Ukukhetha i-SPD Efanele Yezicelo ze-PV

Ngihlala ngifanisa uhlobo lwe-SPD nezinga lombani, i-voltage yokufaka, ukuzwela kwemishini, kanye nezimo zokumisa phansi.

Umhlahlandlela Wokufaka i-SPD wamaphaneli e-PV nama-Inverter

Ngibone amaphrojekthi amaningi ehluleka ngoba nje i-SPD ifakwe endaweni engafanele, noma ngabe idivayisi ngokwayo yayisezingeni eliphezulu.

Ama-SPD kumele afakwe eduze kwemishini evikelwe, anezintambo ezimfushane, i-polarity efanele, isisekelo esifanele, kanye nohlobo lwe-SPD olufanele kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ze-AC ne-DC zesistimu ye-PV.

Ukufakwa okufanele kubaluleke kakhulu kunomkhiqizo. Ngisho ne-SPD yezimboni engcono kakhulu ayisebenzi uma ukusebenza kwekhebula kukude kakhulu. Ngivame ukubonisa ochwepheshe ukuthi ikhebula elengeziwe elingamasentimitha angu-20 lingaphindeka kabili i-voltage esele, engabhubhisa ibhodi yokufaka i-inverter.

Ungafaka kuphi i-SPD ohlelweni lwe-PV

Ama-SPD kumele abekwe ku- Amabhokisi okuhlanganisa e-DC, okokufaka kwe-inverter DC, okokukhipha kwe-inverter AC, kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwe-AC okuyinhloko.

Izinyathelo Zokufaka i-DC Side SPD

• xhuma kokufakwayo kwentambo ngayinye
• qinisekisa ukufana kwe-polarity
• gcina ubude bekhebula bungaphansi kuka-0.5 m

Izinyathelo Zokufaka i-AC Side SPD

• faka eduze kwama-terminal okukhipha i-inverter
• xhuma emhlabathini we-PE
• landela imithetho yokuxhumanisa isistimu ye-TN/TT

Amaphutha Okufaka Okuvamile Okufanele Uwagweme

Amaphutha amakhulu afaka phakathi ama-lead amade, ukuntuleka kwe-grounding, uhlobo olungalungile lwe-SPD, kanye nesilinganiso se-voltage esingalungile.

Izidingo Zokuvikela Ukwanda Kwe-DC kanye ne-AC Zezinhlelo Zelanga

Ngivame ukuhlola amasayithi e-PV lapho isilinganiso se-SPD singahambisani ne-voltage ye-open-circuit ye-array, okudala ingozi efihliwe kuyo yonke isistimu.

Ama-PV SPD kumele afane nesilinganiso se-DC voltage, isilinganiso segridi ye-AC, uhlelo lokusekela, imithetho yokuxhumanisa, kanye nesigaba sokufaka ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa okuzinzile kulo lonke uhlelo lwe-PV.

Ngezansi ithebula lokuqhathanisa izilinganiso amaqembu amaningi okuthenga alithola liwusizo:

Ithebula 2 - Izidingo Zesilinganiso se-SPD Zokufakwa Kwe-PV

Izilinganiso ze-Voltage kanye nezamanje ze-PV SPD

Njalo fanisa i-Ucpv ye-SPD ne-Voc ephezulu ye-array ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa abandayo.

Izidingo Zokwakha Inhlabathi Nokwakha Inhlabathi

Ukufakwa kwesisekelo esihle kunciphisa amandla okukhuphuka kwesisekelo kakhulu. Ngihlala ngihlola ukumelana kwesisekelo ngaphambi kokufakwa kwe-SPD.

Ukuxhumanisa kwe-SPD Phakathi Kwezinhlangothi ze-AC ne-DC

Sebenzisa Uhlobo 1 kuphaneli ye-AC eyinhloko kanye noHlobo 2 eduze kwe-inverter ukuze uhlanganise kahle.

I-SPD vs Surge Arrester: Umehluko Obalulekile Wokuvikelwa Kwe-PV

Abathengi abaningi bangibuza ukuthi kufanele basebenzise i-SPD noma i-surge arrester, futhi impendulo yami ihlala ithi: bafeza izindima ezahlukene.

I-surge arrester iphatha izehlakalo ezinkulu zombani wangaphandle, kuyilapho i-SPD ivikela imishini kokubili ekukhuphukeni kwamandla kagesi kwangaphandle nangaphakathi. Izinhlelo eziningi ze-PV ziyazuza ngokusebenzisa zombili.

Ithebula 3 - I-SPD vs I-Surge Arrester

Indlela Abavimbeli Bokukhuphuka Abasebenza Ngayo Uma Beqhathaniswa Nama-SPD

Izithiyo zokuvimba ukukhuphuka zikhipha amandla amakhulu ombani kodwa zisabela kancane kune-SPD.

Yikuphi Okungcono Kokuvikela Umbani we-PV

Ama-SPD avikela kangcono ama-elekthronikhi abucayi, kuyilapho izibambi zivikela isakhiwo sesakhiwo.

Isikhathi Sokusebenzisa Kokubili Ekufakweni Kwelanga

Ngihlala ngisebenzisa kokubili kumaphrojekthi amakhulu noma anobungozi obukhulu be-PV.

Isiphetho

Sebenzisa ikhwalithi ephezulu Idivayisi Evikelayo Yokukhuphuka ukugcina zonke izinhlelo ze-solar PV ziphephile, zizinzile, futhi zilungele ukusebenza isikhathi eside.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-SPD, MOV, kanye nokuvikelwa kombani welanga

Ngingasebenzisa ama-SPD amabili ochungechungeni?

Yebo, uma nje imithetho yokuhlanganisa ilandelwa.

Ingabe Amaphaneli Elanga Adinga I-AC noma I-DC SPD?

Zombili izinhlangothi ze-AC ne-DC zidinga ukuvikelwa.

I-SPD ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Ngokuvamile iminyaka emi-5-10 kuye ngokuthi ukuchayeka ekukhuphukeni kwamanzi kwenzeka kanjani.

Kwenzekani Uma i-SPD Yehluleka?

Iyanqamuka ngaphakathi ukuze kugwenywe ingozi yomlilo.