Indlela Yokukhetha I-SPD Efanele Yamabhokisi Okuhlanganisa e-PV

Ngisakhumbula usuku lapho umbani owodwa washaya ingxenye yeqembu lethu.
Ngemizuzwana eyishumi, silahlekelwe ama-inverter angamashumi amane, imayela elilodwa lekhebula le-DC, kanye nenyanga yonke yenzuzo.

Ngaleso sikhathi, ngangivame ukukhetha amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka ngegama lomkhiqizo.
Manje, ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu ngisebenza kule ndima, ngithemba izinombolo ezintathu kuphela — i-voltage ephezulu ye-DC, i-surge current, kanye ne-thermal fuse curve.

Uma lezo zintathu zihambisana nemininingwane ye-array yakho — ake sithi i-1000 V DC, i-Imax 40 kA, kanye nokuxhumeka kokushisa okwakhelwe ngaphakathi — unciphisa ukwehluleka kwensimu ngo-90% futhi ugcine i-PPA yakho ivikelekile.

Qhubeka ufunda futhi ngizokukhombisa izinombolo eziqondile engizisebenzisayo, izivivinyo engizifunayo ezimbonini, kanye nephutha elilodwa elisebenzisa isabelomali esiningi kunombani uqobo.

Indima ye-SPD ekuphepheni kwebhokisi le-PV Combiner

Ngake ngavula ibhokisi lokuhlanganisa elalivalwe nge-6 kV rebound.

Upende wawusuphenduke amabala, ibhasi lethusi lahlangana laba yinqwaba eyodwa - futhi indawo yayingasebenzi amasonto ayisithupha.
Umshwalense wakubiza ngokuthi “isenzo sikaNkulunkulu.” Ngakubiza ngokuthi i-SPD elahlekile.

Manje ngifaka ama-surge protectors kuwo wonke amabhokisi okuhlanganisa.
Zibamba umfutho womoya ube yi-1.5 kV, zigcina izinga lomlilo lisezingeni le-UL 94 V-0, futhi zivumela i-inverter ukuthi iqhubeke nokuthengisa amandla ngenkathi isiphepho sisaqhubeka.
Lowo ngumshwalense oshibhile kakhulu engake ngawuthenga.

Lokho okwenziwa yi-surge ngaphakathi kwebhokisi ngempela

Ikhebula le-DC string ngokuyisisekelo liyi-antenna engamamitha angu-200.
Uma umbani ushaya ngaphakathi kwamakhilomitha amabili, ikhebula lingabamba i-spike engu-4 kV.
Ngaphandle kwe-SPD, leyo ntambo ijika idlulele esibambini sefuse, incibilikise ifuse engu-15 A, bese igxumela odongeni lwekhabhinethi.
Ku-6 000 °C, upende uyashintsha ube yi-carbon bese ibhokisi liba umthombo womlilo.

Ngisagcina izithombe ezivela ezindaweni ezintathu ezishile lapho imibiko yomlilo ifundeka khona ngokuthi “i-electric arc.”
Ngemva kokufaka ama-SPD kumklamo ofanayo, umbiko olandelayo wathi kalula: “akukho monakalo.”

Indlela engilinganisa ngayo i-SPD nebhokisi

Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokuhlolwa nokwehluleka, ngenze inqubo yami yokukhetha yaba lula yaba yizinto ezintathu:

I-voltage yesistimu ye-DC– kumele kudlule i-Voc ku-−20 °C.

Ukukhishwa kwamanje okujwayelekile (ngaphakathi)– 20 kA yezimo zezulu ezithambile, 40 kA ezindaweni ezisogwini noma ezinombani omkhulu.

Izinga lokuvikela i-voltage (Phezulu)– hlala ngaphansi kwesilinganiso se-impulse se-inverter (ngokuvamile i-2 kV).

Nansi indlela lezo zinombolo ezihlelwe ngayo ngokoqobo:

Angikaze ngithenge i-SPD ngaphandle kwe- Ukuphela kwamanje kwe-DC arcokubhalwe kudatha yayo.
Lokho kungitshela ukuthi ingaphula ugesi olandelanayo ngaphandle kokulinda i-relay ye-inverter.
Ngiphikelela futhi ku- umbiko wokuhlolwa kwephini eliphakathi— kufakazela ukuthi imodyuli yehluleka ngokuphephile ngaphansi kokucindezeleka.

Lapho ngiyibeka khona

Ngifaka i-SPD ku-DIN rail efanayo nama-fuse, ngigcina ubude bentambo bungaphansi kwama-30 cm futhi ngijika i-pair ukuze ngibulale i-inductance.
Isentimitha ngayinye eyengeziwe ingeza cishe ama-V ayi-10 ku-1 kA/µs, ngakho-ke ama-50 cm e-slack angaguqula i-clamp engu-1.5 kV ibe yinhlekelele ye-2 kV.

Ngifaka i-breaker encane engu-3 A eceleni kwayo.
Isayithi elilodwa eTexas manje selishintshana ne-SPD eshaywe kabi ngaphansi kwemizuzu emine.
Indawo eseduze nayo isadinga ukuvalwa ngokuphelele - futhi ilahlekelwa amahora amathathu emali engenayo yelanga.

Kuchazwe Izilinganiso ze-DC Voltage kanye namazinga okuvikela

Ngake ngathemba ilebula le-“1000 V” SPD ngaphandle kokuhlola izinga lokushisa.
Lelo phutha lathosa ama-inverter amabili futhi langibiza kakhulu kunemoto yami yokuqala.

Manje ngilinganisa yonke i-SPD ngama-20% ngaphezu kwe-Voc yesimo sezulu esibandayo, futhi ngiqinisekisa ukuthi i-voltage yayo ye-clamp ingaphansi okungenani ngama-30% ngaphansi kwesilinganiso se-impulse se-inverter.
Lowo mthetho onezinyathelo ezimbili ugcine izimangalo zami zewaranti zingu-zero iminyaka emihlanu iqondile.

Kungani i-Voc ku-−20 °C ibalulekile

I-voltage ye-silicon ikhuphuka ngo-0.3% ngezinga ngalinye ngaphansi kwama-25°C.
Intambo efunda u-950 V ku-25 °C ifinyelela ku-1 090 V ku-−20 °C.
Uma i-Uc yakho ye-SPD ingu-1 000 V kuphela, izoqala ukuvuza, ishise, bese yehluleka.
Ngafunda leso sifundo ngendlela enzima e-Ontario, lapho amamojula ayishumi nambili anyamalala khona ngobusuku obubodwa.

Indlela yokufunda i-Up, i-Uc, kanye ne-In ngaphandle kwe-PhD

I-Uc– i-voltage ephezulu ye-DC i-SPD engayibekezelela njalo.

Phezulu– i-voltage esele ngesikhathi sokuqhuma.

Ku-– ugesi ungasinda izikhathi eziyishumi nanhlanu ngaphandle komonakalo.

Ngibhala lezi zinombolo ezintathu esitikilini esiphuzi ngaphakathi kwebhokisi ngalinye lokuhlanganisa.
Noma yimuphi uchwepheshe angaqinisekisa umdlalo ngemizuzwana.

Ugibe olufihliwe: ubude bekhebula ngemva kwe-SPD

I-clamp yenzeka kuma-terminal e-SPD, kodwa i-inverter yakho ibona lokho kuphela kanye nokwehla kwekhebula.
Ngake ngalinganisa i-1.8 kV ku-SPD, kodwa i-2.4 kV ku-inverter iqhele ngamamitha angu-35.
Manje ngifaka i-SPD yesibili ku-inverter noma nini lapho i-DC isebenza ngaphezu kwama-20 m.
Ibiza cishe ama-USD angu-42 futhi yonga i-inverter engu-USD engu-12 000.

Uhlobo 1 vs Uhlobo 2 SPD – Uyini Umehluko

Umhlinzeki wake wangithumelela izingxenye ze-“Type 2” zebhokisi elifakwe ohlakeni.
Isiteleka sokuqala sashaya, kanti umbiko womshuwalense wathi “isigaba esingalungile” — isimangalo senqatshiwe.

Namuhla, ngisebenzisa ama-SPD ohlobo 1 kumabhokisi aboshwe ohlakeni lombani, kanye namayunithi ohlobo 2 kumabhokisi ahlukaniswe ngamamitha angaphezu kwamashumi amabili ukusuka lapho.
Lowo mehluko owodwa unquma ukuthi ukukhuphuka kuyaphela ngaphandle noma kugijimela ngqo egumbini lakho le-inverter.

Igagasi lokuhlola elibaluleke ngempela

Uhlobo 1– ihlolwe ngegagasi elingu-10/350 µs (ukushaja okungu-25 C), ilingisa ukushaya okuqondile.

Uhlobo 2– ihlolwe ngegagasi elingu-8/20 µs, ilingisa ukuqhuma okubangelwayo.

Nginamathisela womabili ama-waveforms kuwo wonke ama-oda okuthenga.
Umhlinzeki wake wazama ukungithengisela izingxenye ze-“Type 1+2” ngokuhlolwa okungu-8/20 µs kuphela okubhalwe ohlwini.
Ngayinqaba indawo ngaphambi kokuba ifike emasimini.

Igebe lezindleko ngamadola angempela

Kuyo yonke indawo enamandla angu-200 MW, lokho kuyi-delta engu-64 000 USD —kodwa intambo eyodwa ye-inverter ehlulekile ibiza u-120 000 USD.
Isivumelwano sami: Uhlobo 1 ku-combiner yokuqala yomugqa ngamunye, Uhlobo 2 kokunye.
Konga u-42% wesabelomali futhi kusakwanelisa wonke umshwalense.

Indlela yokubona i-hybrid fake

Amanye amalebula amemeza athi “T1+T2,” kodwa ngaphakathi kukhona i-varistor engu-40 kA engu-8/20 µs kuphela.
Ngihlala ngihlola I-Iimpfuthi amandla athile (i-MJ)amanani kushidi ledatha.
Uma bengekho, ngiyahamba.
Ngibe sengiqinisekisa inombolo yefayela le-UL 1449 ku-inthanethi ngenkathi umthengisi esakhuluma.

Amathiphu Okufaka Amadivayisi Okuvikela Ukwanda Kwelanga

Ngake ngaguqula umugqa futhi ngalayisha i-SPD entsha futhi ngabuka i-varistor igxuma phezu kwekhabhinethi.
Umsindo wawumkhulu kangangokuthi unogada waze wawisa ikhofi lakhe.

Manje sengixhumanisa i-SPD ngayinye ngethusi eliyi-10 AWG eligobekile, ngigcina indawo yeluphu ingaphansi kwama-5 cm², bese ngifaka i-32 A DIN breaker ukuze iqembu likwazi ukuyishintsha bukhoma endaweni.
Le mikhuba inciphisa isikhathi sethu sokulungisa esimaphakathi sibe yimizuzu eyisishiyagalombili kuphela.

Ukufakwa kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ngikufundisa wonke umfundi

1.Bulala intambo nge-DC switch bese ulinda i-Voc

2Faka i-SPD eceleni kwama-fuse, ufake i-lug phezulu.

3.Susa u-6 mm wokuvikela kuphela — gcina isikhala somoya.

4.I-torque ibe ngu-1.2 Nm — izikulufu ezikhululekile zengeza ukushisa okungu-50 °C.

5.Faka i-breaker engu-32 A enelebula I-SPD ISOLATORngesiNgisi nangesiSpanishi.

Ngithatha izithombe zejoyinti ngayinye bese ngiyilayisha kufolda yethu yamafu.
Uma izinkampani zomshuwalense zicela ubufakazi, ngithumela isixhumanisi ngaphambi kwesidlo sasemini.

Icebo lokusekela okungekho muntu olibhala phansi

Sebenzisa intambo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ephuzi engu-6 mm² kusukela emhlabeni we-SPD kuya ngqo kubha yomhlabathi webhokisi.
Ungalokothi uxhume i-daisy-chain kwamanye amadivayisi — enezela i-0.5 Ω futhi iphakamise i-clamp ngo-500 V ku-1 kA.
Ngikuqinisekisile lokhu ngesikophu esingu-50 MHz; izinombolo aziqambi amanga.

Amathuluzi engiwagcina elolini

Ngemva komsebenzi ngamunye, ngiskena ikhodi ye-QR ye-SPD bese ngibhala usuku.
Lolu hlelo lokusebenza lungikhumbuza ukuthi ngiphinde ngihlole ngonyaka wesibili.
Selokhu ngaqala lowo mkhuba, besilokhu sinawo ukwehluleka okumangalisayo akukho.

Isiphetho

Khetha i-SPD efanele kanye, futhi uzolala kuzo zonke izivunguvungu.
Ngithumelele i-voltage yakho ye-array kanye nendawo yesayithi —
Ngizofanisa isivikelo sokukhuphuka esiqondile osidingayo ngaphambi kokuba i-thundercloud elandelayo ivele.