Ungahlukanisa kanjani phakathi kwe-Surge Protective Device (SPD) kanye ne-Lightning arrester?

Ngake ngathosa ibhodi le-CNC elingu-$20,000 ngoba ngaxuba amabhokisi amabili ephaneli.

Ngitshela abathengi: i-SPD ingumlindi ngaphakathi kwephaneli ovimba ukuqhuma okufushane nokubukhali; isivikelo sombani ngumlindi ophahleni ophahleni oqondisa ibhawodi elikhulu emhlabeni. Babukeka befana, kodwa balondoloza isikhwama sakho semali ngezindlela ezihluke ngokuphelele.

Qhubeka ufunda futhi ngizokukhombisa amalebula aqondile, izinombolo zokuhlola, kanye nezikhala zamanani engizihlolayo lapho ngingena esitshalweni ukuze ungaphinde uzidide.

Kuyini Idivayisi Evikelayo Yokukhuphuka (I-SPD)?

Ngonyaka odlule ngishintshe “ibhokisi lokufaka i-surge” elingalungile esitshalweni sepulasitiki saseFlorida futhi ngalivala amashifu amabili.

Ngibiza i-SPD ngokuthi iswishi esheshayo enciphisa i-6 kV ibe yi-600 V ngamasekhondi amancane ukuze ama-drive, ama-PLC, kanye nezibani zisinde ezinhlotsheni zansuku zonke ezisebenza kuma-mains.

Ngaphakathi kwebhokisi lensimbi

I-SPD inezingxenye ezintathu kuphela: i-varistor ye-metal-oxide (MOV), ipayipi lokukhipha igesi, kanye nokuxhuma kwe-thermal. I-MOV isebenza njenge-valve ezenzakalelayo. Lapho umugqa ugxuma ngaphezu kwe-voltage yokubopha, ukumelana kwe-MOV kwehla kusuka kuma-mega-ohms kuya kuma-ohms bese ugesi owengeziwe uthunyelwa ku-wire neutral. Ipayipi legesi liphatha ama-nanoseconds okuqala angamakhulu ambalwa ukuze i-MOV ingancibiliki. Uma i-spike inde kangangokuthi izingxenye zishisa kakhulu, i-fuse ye-thermal iyavuleka bese ifasitela elincane elibomvu liba mnyama. Lokho kusho ukuthi ukulungiswa kufanele kufakwe i-cartridge entsha bese kuvalwa umnyango. Akukho msebenzi wophahla, akukho crane, akukho kagesi osebenza nge-harness.

Izinombolo engizibhalayo esicaphunweni

Ngithumelela umthengi ngamunye itafula elilodwa ukuze unjiniyela wesitshalo akwazi ukuhlola umdwebo wephaneli ngemizuzwana emihlanu:

Inganekwane evamile engiyibulala kukho konke ukubiza

“I-SPD izongisindisa ekubangeni.” Cha. Izokusindisa eziseleni ezingena ngemva kokuba i-arrestor esigxotsheni isikwenzile ukuphakamisa okunzima. Uma ulindele ukuthi i-SPD ishaye ngqo i-100 kA, amadiski e-MOV azoqhekeka futhi ibhokisi lepulasitiki lizoncibilika. Ngihlala ngithengisa lezi zibili: i-arrestor ngaphandle, i-SPD ngaphakathi.

Kuyini Isibambi Sombani?

Ngama ophahleni lwendlu yokugcina impahla eTexas ngo-2022 ngabona induku enesiketi se-porcelain esiqhekekile; umphathi wesitshalo wacabanga ukuthi "kuyinto yensimbi nje."

Ngibiza umshini wokuvimba umbani ngokuthi i-valve yokunciphisa ukucindezeleka enamandla aphezulu; inikeza umbani we-200 000 amp indlela eqondile eya emhlabeni ukuze isakhiwo singazizwa sishaywa.

Indlela igebe lenhlansi elisebenza ngayo

I-arrester iphakathi komugqa ophezulu kanye negridi yomhlabathi. Ngaphakathi kukhona inqwaba yamabhulokhi e-varistor. Ngaphansi kwe-voltage evamile yomugqa, i-stack iyisekethe evulekile. Lapho ifu lishaya, i-voltage igxuma iye kuma-volts ayizigidi. Amabhulokhi e-varistor ahamba ngokushesha futhi ugesi ugijima phansi kwe-copper down-conductor uye entongeni yomhlaba. Lapho nje ukukhuphuka komoya sekuphelile, amabhulokhi ayavalwa futhi ukuze umugqa uqhubeke nokudla imithwalo. Umcimbi wonke uhlala ama-microsecond ayi-100. Uma amabhulokhi eshibhile noma eqhekekile ahlala efudumele; yingakho ngicela ukuskena kwe-thermo minyaka yonke.

Amakilasi e-voltage ozowabona ku-nameplate

Ngicaphuna ama-arrester ngezigaba ezintathu ukuze umthengi akwazi ukufanisa i-voltage yokusetshenziswa:

Igebe lezindleko phakathi kweShayina nomkhiqizo we-A

I-polymer arrester engu-33 kV evela kulayini wami weWenzhou idlula i-IEC 60099-4 futhi ibiza u-$49. Isimo esifanayo esivela kukhathalogi ye-blue-chip yaseYurophu sibala u-$210. Ngavumela uJeff ukuthi aqhube isivivinyo se-15 kV impulse eHouston kanti umehluko we-voltage eseleyo wawungu-3% kuphela. Wabhukha izingcezu ezingu-200 zepulazi lomoya futhi wonga u-$32 000.

Ukufaka ugibe iningi labathengi abalikhohlwayo

Kumelwe ugcine umsila wethusi ongu-1 m noma i-inductance iphenduka ibe yi-1000 V ngemitha bese ibhawodi ligxuma eceleni. Ngithumela umdwebo we-stencil kukho konke ukuthunyelwa ukuze umakhi angakwazi ukugoba ucingo lube yi-coil ecocekile ukuze "lubukeke luhlelekile."

Yimiphi Umehluko Obalulekile Phakathi kwe-SPD kanye ne-Lightning Arrester?

Ngake ngalahlekelwa yi-oda elisha ngoba umthengi wafaka zombili izinto ngaphansi kwe-"surge stuff" wathenga ama-arrester amabili ekhabhinethi.

Ngigcina ikhadi lokukhohlisa ephaketheni lami: i-arrester iphatha umbani omkhulu we-100 kA ngaphandle, i-SPD inquma izinsalela ezincane ze-20 kV ngaphakathi; ziyahlukahluka ngamandla, isivinini, indawo, kanye nentengo.

Umjaho wamandla – 1000: 1

Ukushaya kombani okuqondile kungakhipha ama-megajoule ayi-1000. I-arrester yami enkulu kunazo zonke engu-33 kV ihlolwe ukuthi imunce i-10 kJ/kV, cishe isamba esingu-300 kJ. Iphaneli ye-SPD ihlolwe ku-320 J kuphela ngediski ye-varistor. Yingakho sizibeka esigabeni: i-arrester idla i-steak, i-SPD idla izingcezu.

Umjaho wesivinini - 1 vs 100 microseconds

Ibhawodi likhuphuka nge-microsecond eyodwa. Isikhala segesi ngaphakathi kwe-arrester sivutha ngama-µs angu-0.1. I-MOV ngaphakathi kwe-SPD idinga ama-nanosecond angu-25, kodwa ilandela ikhebula elide ngakho ingaphambili selivele lincishisiwe. Uma ushintshanisa lokhu okubili, i-MOV iyaqhuma ngaphambi kokuba i-arrester ivuke.

Umjaho wamanani – 50: 1

I-Arrester $49, i-SPD $18. Beka ebizayo ophahleni lapho kudingeka khona iyunithi eyodwa kuphela, bese kuthi eshibhile kuyo yonke iphaneli lapho udinga khona amashumi amabili.

I-SPD Ivikela Kanjani Imishini Kagesi?

Ngibone ibhikawozi laseFlorida lilahlekelwa ama-drive amathathu aguquguqukayo ngenyanga eyodwa kwaze kwaba yilapho sithola ama-DIN-rail SPD amabili ebhasini.

Ngichazela abaphathi bezitshalo ukuthi i-SPD iyisivikelo se-voltage; ibona i-spike isondela, ivala umnyango, bese ivumela kuphela i-600 V ephephile ukuthi idlule kuma-PLC nama-drive akho.

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ngamazwi alula

1. I-spike ingena ku-Line 1.
2. I-MOV izwa i-over-voltage kanye nokumelana kwayo kuyawa.
3. Ugesi owengeziwe uphonswa eceleni ungene kubha engathathi hlangothi.
4. I-voltage ephakathi koMgca 1 kanye ne-neutral ayikhuphuki ngaphezu kwe-1.2 kV.
5. Isigaba sokufaka idrayivu sibona kuphela ama-V angu-480 kanye ne-ripple encane futhi siyaqhubeka nokusebenza.

Izinombolo zangempela ezivela ebhentshini lami lokuhlola

Ngidubule igagasi elingu-6 kV 3 kA 8/20 µs ku-40 kA SPD. I-voltage eseleyo ezintanjeni zokukhipha yayingu-960 V. Idrayivu ejwayelekile engu-480 V ingasinda ku-1.5 kV, ngakho-ke i-margin ingu-540 V. UJeff ucele i-margin yokuphepha engu-20%; sikhethe imodeli engu-60 kA futhi sathola i-margin engu-780 V. Wayeka ukuthenga ama-drive asele.

Ithebula engilishiya namaqembu okulungisa

Uma kukhona ibhokisi elihlulekayo, slayida ikhatriji bese ufaka elisha. Azikho izikulufo, azikho ukuvala.

Isivikelo Sombani Sivikela Kanjani Izinhlelo Zamandla?

Ngibuke umugqa we-33 kV eNdiya udlula futhi uncibilikisa i-aluminium engamamitha angu-200 kwaze kwaba yilapho sifaka izibambi ze-polymer kuzo zonke izigxobo.

Ngitshela abathengi bezinsizakusebenza: i-arrester iyivalvu yokunciphisa ukucindezeleka esibhakabhakeni; ibamba ukuphakama kwama-volt ayizigidi bese iyiphonsa kugridi yomhlaba ngaphambi kokuba uwoyela we-transformer ubile.

Isilinganiso se-voltage vs i-voltage yesistimu – umthetho wama-25%

Khetha i-arrester elinganiswe ku-75% we-voltage yesistimu kusuka ku-line kuya ku-line. Kuhlelo lwe-33 kV ngikhetha i-arrester engu-30 kV. Lokho kunikeza umkhawulo ongu-25% ukuze i-arrester ingaqhubeki lapho kuvuvukala okuvamile, kodwa isavutha ngaphansi kakhulu kwezinga lokufakwa kwentambo elingu-170 kV.

Ukuhlolwa kwamandla ngobude be-down-conductor

Amandla okumele i-arrester imunce akhula ngesikwele somsinga wokushaya kanye nobude bomsila wethusi. Ngisebenzisa ifomula ethi E = 0.5 × L × I². Ukuze uthole i-stroke engu-100 kA kanye no-1 µH/m emsileni ongu-2 m, i-E = 0.5 × 2 × 100 000² = 10 MJ. I-arrester yami engu-33 kV ihlolwe ku-10 kJ/kV × 30 kV = 300 kJ. Igridi yomhlaba kumele idle okusele, ngakho-ke ngigcizelela ukumelana komhlaba okungu-≤4 Ω.

Ucwaningo lwecala - ipulazi lomoya eTexas

Ama-turbine ayi-100, ngalinye linomugqa wokuqoqa ongu-34.5 kV. Safaka i-arrester eyodwa kuzo zonke izigxobo ezintathu naku-transformer ngayinye. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva kwashaya i-adrender ngqo esigabeni B. I-arrester yadubula, i-recloser yavula futhi yavala, futhi ama-turbine awazange ame. Ngaphandle kwama-arresters inkampani yayizokhokha u-$50 000 njengezinhlawulo zokulahleka kokukhiqiza.

Yiziphi Izicelo Ezijwayelekile Zama-SPD kanye Nezibambi Zombani?

Ngangena efektri yezicathulo yaseVietnam eyayichithe u-$8 000 ezindongeni zophahla futhi ichithe u-zero kumaphaneli; imishini yabo ye-CNC yayisahluleka kuzo zonke iziphepho.

Ngidweba umthetho olula ebhodini elimhlophe: ababophi baqapha igridi ngaphandle, ama-SPD aqapha ama-chips ngaphakathi; beka ngalinye lapho lihlolwe khona noma ushisa imali kabili.

Lapho ngithengisa khona ama-SPD

- Amadrayivu e-variable-frequency emigqeni ye-extrusion yepulasitiki

- Ama-racks e-PLC ezitshalweni zamabhodlela

- Izibani zezemidlalo ze-LED kumasekethe angu-480 V

- Amaphaneli okufaka e-UPS esikhungweni sedatha

Lapho ngithengisa khona izinto zokubopha

- Imigqa ephezulu engu-33 kV ehambisa imishini yokugaya uwoyela wesundu

- Ama-transformer akhuphukayo nge-turbine yomoya

- Amabhokisi okuhlanganisa e-Solar 1500 V DC

- Iziteshi zokudonsa izitimela

Imisebenzi exubile - womabili amadivayisi

Izibhedlela: izibambisi ku-11 kV engenayo, ama-SPD kuwo wonke amaphaneli aphansi.

Izikhungo zedatha: izibambi endaweni yokugcina izinto, ama-SPD ku-UPS, ama-SPD futhi kuma-server racks.

Isitshalo sakamuva sepulasitiki sikaJeff: izibambi ezingama-30 emgqeni wepole, ama-SPD ayi-120 ngaphakathi kwesitshalo. Wayeka ukuthenga amakhadi e-I/O asele.

Zifakwa Kuphi I-SPD kanye Nezibambi Zombani Ngokuvamile?

Ngake ngabona iqembu lokulungisa libopha i-SPD ophahleni lwensimbi; isiphepho sokuqala sashaya ama-varistor ngesembozo sepulasitiki.

Nginika wonke umakhi isithombe sekhasi elilodwa: umbambi uhlala esigxotsheni noma onqenqemeni lophahla, i-SPD ihlala ngaphakathi komnyango wephaneli ku-35 mm DIN rail; gcina izintambo zimfushane futhi ziqondile kungenjalo i-inductance izodlula ingxenye.

Itheyiphu yokukhohlisa yeshidi lokusula iminyango yephaneli

Umdwebo wophahla lwe-I lukaJeff

1. Isiteshi somoya (induku) emsebeni ophezulu kakhulu.
2. I-Down-conductor 2 AWG copper, indlela emfushane kakhulu eya entongeni yomhlaba.
3. I-Arrester ifakwe odongeni, uhlangothi oluqondile oluya endaweni yokusebenza, uhlangothi lomhlabathi oluya endukwini efanayo.
4. Ngaphakathi kwebhodi elikhulu lokushintsha, i-SPD ebhasini, umhlabathi uye kubha yethusi.

Igridi yomhlaba eyodwa, imisebenzi emibili, akukho ukudideka.

Uyikhetha Kanjani Idivayisi Efanele Izidingo Zakho?

Umthengi eMalaysia wake wangithumelela i-RFQ “yezinto ezibangela ukukhuphuka kwentengo” futhi ngacaphuna ama-500 ngayinye; empeleni wayedinga ama-SPD kuphela.

Ngiphendula imibuzo emithathu: i-voltage engakanani entanjeni, yimaphi amandla angawushaya, nokuthi intambo ikuphi? Phendula leyo mibuzo bese inombolo yengxenye izibhala yona.

Isihlahla sesinqumo engisithumela kubathengi nge-imeyili

1. Ingabe ucingo lungaphambi kwemitha noma ngemva kwalo?

– Ngaphambi → umbambeli.

– Ngemva → iya ku-2.

2. Ingabe i-spike ivela embaneni noma ivela emithwalweni engaphakathi?

– Umbani → isibambi ngaphandle + i-SPD ngaphakathi.

– VFD, umshiseli, i-contactor → i-SPD kuphela.

3. Iyini i-voltage yesistimu?

– 120 V, 277 V, 480 V, 690 V → khetha i-SPD ene-Uc engu-15% ngaphezu kwesilinganiso.

– 6 kV, 11 kV, 33 kV → i-pick arrester elinganiswe ngo-75% we-voltage yomugqa.

Ithebula lokukhetha okusheshayo engiliphrinta kuma-quotes

Kokelezela umugqa, sayina i-PO, vala ifayela.

Ama-SPD kanye nama-Lightning Arresters kufanele agcinwe futhi ahlolwe kanjani?

Ngandiza ngaya eJalimane ngoMashi odlule ngoba ifasitela le-SPD laba mnyama ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kuphela; isitshalo sasibuyisele i-neutral emuva.

Ngiqeqesha amaqembu: ngibheka ifasitela njalo ngekota, ngikala ukuvuza kanye ngonyaka, kanye nezithiyo zokubopha i-thermo-scan ngemva kwesiphepho ngasinye; uma umzimba wethiyori ushisa kakhulu kune-10 °C, shintsha ngaphambi kokuba uqhume.

Uhlu lokuhlola olunekhasi elilodwa engilunamathisela eminyango yamaphaneli

Ikhithi yezingxenye ezisele engiyithumela nayo yonke i-oda

- Ama-cartridge e-MOV engeziwe angu-5% kuma-SPD

- Izindawo ezimbili ezengeziwe ze-polymer zababambeli

- I-thermometer ye-infrared engu-1, imodeli ye-DT-380

UJeff ugcina ikhithi egumbini lesitolo; isikhathi sokungasebenzi sehle sisuka emahoreni angu-8 ngonyaka saya ku-zero.

Isiphetho

Ngakhe ifektri engamamitha-skwele angu-2 000 futhi ngathumela amadivayisi angu-300 000 ngokuhlola umthetho owodwa olula: i-arrester ngaphandle, i-SPD ngaphakathi.

Vula iphaneli yakho, ubheke izintambo, bese u-oda isivikelo esifanele namuhla—imishini yakho kanye nomgcini-zimali wakho bazokubonga.