Ngake ngabhubhisa I-inverter yelanga engu-$30,000ngoba ngeqile ukuhlolwa kwe-SPD kwemizuzu emihlanu— ungaliphindi lelo phutha.

E- Ifektri ye-Wenzhou SPD, thina hlola njalo idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphukangaphambi kokuthunyelwa. Inqubo efanele ihlanganisa ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo, ukumelana nokushisa, izinga lokuvikela i-voltage (VPR), ukuvuza kwamanje, futhi ukuqinisekiswa kwesikhombisi.

Lesi sihloko sichaza isinyathelo ngasinye ku- isiNgisi sobuchwepheshe esilula, ngokusekelwe kulokho okufanayo uhlu lokuhlola lokudlula/ukwehlulekasisebenzisela Amapulazi elanga aseJalimane nase-US.

Kungani Ukuhlolwa kwe-SPD Izindaba Ezinhlelweni Zamandla Elanga Nezimboni

Ngisakhumbula iphunga le-silicon eshisiwe lapho i-varistor ekhululekilekuvunyelwe Ukuphakama kwe-6 kVkumakhasimende ase-US ibhokisi lokuhlanganisa ilanga.

Okukodwa i-SPD engahlolwangaingavala yonke ipulazi lelanga. A ukuhlolwa kwemizuzu emibilikungavimbela amasonto okuphumulafuthi uvikele eyakho isivuno samandla kanye nenzuzo.

Kwenzekani uma i-SPD yehluleka ensimini?

A idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka ehlulekile (i-SPD)ayenzi umsindo — iyayeka ukusebenza buthule.
I Isexwayiso se-LED singase sihlale siluhlazangisho nangemva i-varistorinezimbobo noma ifushane.

Ngo-2022, ithimba lethu lalandela umkhondo Ukuvalwa kwe-inverter engu-1.5 MWeNdiya ukuya eyodwa yehlulekile i-SPDlokho kwase kuphenduke ucingo. Indawo yalahleka Izinsuku ezingu-14 zokukhishwa okuphezulu kwelanga, izindleko Izikhathi ezingu-45 ngaphezulukune-SPD uqobo.

Ngalolo suku ngafunda umthetho wegolide: ukuhlolwa okushibhile kuseshibhile kunokuphazamiseka okuncane kakhulu.

Indlela izintambo zelanga ezifihla ngayo i-over-voltage

Ku- izinhlelo ze-solar photovoltaic (PV), i Izintambo ze-DCaziboshelwe ngqo emhlabathini — zona “ukuntanta” ngaphezu kwamandla omhlaba.
Uma ukuqhuma kombani noma ukushintshashintsha kwesikhashanaishaya uhlangothi lwe-DC, ingakwazi phakamisa lonke i-voltage yentambo ngaphezu kwama-30 kVngamasekhondi amancane nje.

I-inverter ihumusha ukuthi i-surge ifana ne- ugesi odlulayo oyingozi, ngokuvamile okuholela ekucinyweni ngokuphelele.

Ukuze ngivimbele lokhu, ngenza Ukuhlolwa kokumelana nokushisa kwe-1 kVkuzo zonke i-SPD ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.
Uma ukufunda kwehlela ngezansi 10 MΩ, iyunithi yenqatshwa ngokushesha.

Ithebula elingezansi libonisa ukufakwa kwangempela kwe-insulation kanye nedatha yokuhlola i-VPRkusukela kumaqoqo okukhiqiza angu-20 okugcina e- Ifektri ye-Wenzhou SPD.

Imiphumela yesibonelo evela ekuhlolweni kwe-DC SPD batch — ukumelana nokushisa kanye nezinga lokuvikela i-voltage (VPR) ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlolwa ze-1 kV.

Izimoto zezimboni nazo zithukuthele ngendlela efanayo

Izimboni Ama-drive e-AC motorZisengozini efanayo yokuphelelwa ngamandla kagesi okwesikhashana njengama-solar arrays - ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nangaphezulu.

A Iphaneli yokulawula yemoto engu-480 Vine-surge margin encane kakhulu kunentambo ye-V PV engu-1000, okwenza ukukhetha nokuhlola kwe- I-AC SPD (Idivayisi Yokuvikela Ukwanda)kugxeka kakhulu.

Omunye wamakhasimende ami ase-US akhiqiza amaphaneli wafunda lokhu ngendlela enzima. imodyuli ye-SPD engahlolwangakwabangela ukuvalwa okungalindelekile ngoMgqibelo ebusuku, okwamphoqa ukuthi akhokhele abasebenzi bakhe isikhathi esengeziwe ukuze baqalise kabusha isitshalo.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, uphikelela ekutholeni umbiko wamanje wokuvuzangeqoqo ngalinye ngaphambi kokuvuma i-oda lokuthenga. Ngichitha nje $0.40 yesikhathi sokuhlola ngeyunithi ngayinye, futhi uyasindisa abasebenzi abangaphezu kuka-$400— a 1,000× ukubuyiselwangokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi okulula.

Amathuluzi Odingayo Ukuhlola Idivayisi Yokuvikela Ukwanda

wake wabona umthengi ehlola isivikelo sokukhuphuka nge- Ihadiwe engu-$9 - i-multimeter yesitolo — yasinda ezivivinyweni ezimbili ngaphambi kokuba iphele.

Kwethu Ilebhu yefektri ye-SPD eWenzhou, sithembele ku uchwepheshe imishini yokuhlola ukukhuphuka kwengcindeziyakhelwe kokubili Ukuhlolwa kwe-DC kanye ne-AC SPD.

Nanka amathuluzi amane abalulekilewonke uchwepheshe kufanele hlola idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka (i-SPD)ngokuphephile nangokunembile:

①A i-multimeter yedijithali elinganisiweukuhlolwa kwe-voltage eyisisekelo kanye nokuqhubeka kwayo.

②A Isihloli sokumelana nokufakwa kwe-insulation esingu-1 kV (i-megger)ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa phakathi kwemigqa nomhlabathi.

③A ijeneretha yokwanda kwe-surge ephathekayo (i-1.2/50 µs noma i-8/20 µs waveform)ukukala i-voltage yangempela yokubopha ngaphansi komthwalo.

④A ikhamera yesithombe sokushisaukuthola izindawo ezishisayo ezifihliwe kanye nezinhlobo zangaphambi kokwehluleka.

La mathuluzi amane ahlanganiswe ndawonye amboza ngaphezu kwama-99% ezimo zokuhlola ze-SPD, kusukela ku-QA yasefektri kuya ekuhlolweni kwendawo emapulazini elanga noma ezitshalweni zezimboni.

Ingabe ngidinga ngempela ijeneretha yokuqhuma?

Impela yebo— uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi kanjani idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka (i-SPD)isebenza ngaphansi ugesi wangempela, a ijeneretha yokuqhumaakuyona into ongayikhetha.

A ukuhlanganaingalinganisa kuphela ukushisa kanye ne-voltage ye-open-circuit, kodwa ayikwazi ukulingisa i-8/20 µs noma i-1.2/50 µs surge waveformlokho kunquma ukuthi i-SPD iwabamba kanjani amandla ngesikhathi sesikhashana sangempela.

Kwethu ilebhu yokuhlola i-SPD yefektri, ngisebenzisa i- Ijeneretha yokushisa engu-1.2/50 µs isethwe ku-6 kV.
Ngoba Amamodeli e-DC 600 V SPD, i izinga lokuvikela i-voltage (VPR)kumele uhlale ngaphansi kwe-1 kVngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.

Yonke i-SPD esiyithumelayo ibhalwe nge- inani le-VPR elilinganisiwe— le nombolo ecacile yakha ukwethembana namakhasimende ethu ku IJalimane, i-US, kanye ne-India, abathembele ekusebenzeni kokuvikela okuqhubekayo nokuqinisekiswayo.

Ngingakwazi yini ukuqasha esikhundleni sokuthenga?

Impela — uma umkhiqizo wakho we-SPD noma umthamo wokuhlola ungowesizini, ukuqasha imishini yokuhlola ukuvikelwa kokukhuphukakungaba ukutshalwa kwezimali okuhlakaniphile.

Isibonelo, uma sigijima Amaqoqo e-SPD ayizingcezu ezingu-5,000embonini yethu yaseWenzhou, mina qasha ikhamera yokushisa ye-FLIRcishe $90 ngesonto.

I ukuhlolwa kwesithombe sokushisakusiza ukuthola ama-varistor ashisayolokho kungase kuqhubeke phumelela ukuhlolwa kwe-megger, kwembula ukwehluleka okufihliwe kwangaphambi kokuthunyelwa.

Kokunye ukukhiqizwa, sithole ama-SPD amathathu anephuthausebenzisa ikhamera yokuqasha — imali iyonke eyongiwe ekubuyiselweni kabusha kanye nezindleko zewaranti ikhokhele imali yokuqasha ngosuku olulodwa.

Ithebula elingezansi libonisa ukuqhathaniswa kwezindleko zomhlaba wangempela zokuqasha nokuthenga ukhiye Amathuluzi okuhlola i-SPD.

Inqubo Yokuhlola i-SPD Yesinyathelo Ngesinyathelo (i-DC ne-AC)

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi Izinhlelo zelanga ze-DCnoma Amaphaneli okulawula emoto ye-AC, inqubo yokuhlola ye Amadivayisi Okuvikela Okukhuphuka (ama-SPD)kulandela umqondo ofanayo — imikhawulo ye-voltage kuphela ehlukayo.

E- Isikhungo sokuhlola i-Wenzhou SPD, Ngifaka isicelo inqubo yokuhlola isinyathelo ngesinyatheloesetshenziswa amaklayenti aphesheya kwezilwandle IJalimane, i-US, kanye nePakistanukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwe-SPD ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.

1.Ama-DC SPDzihlolwa ku- Ukumelana nokushisa okungu-600 V, ngenkathi

2.KANYE nama-SPDzihlolwa ku- I-voltage yomugqa engu-277 V.

Bobabili bathola I-6 kV surge impulse (ifomu lamagagasi angu-8/20 µs)futhi kumele isibambo esingaphansi kwe-1 kVngesikhathi somcimbi.

Ukuhlolwa ngakunye kuyaphindwa ku- L–N, I-L–PE, futhi I-N–PEizindlela zokuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka okugcwele ngaphansi kwezimo zangempela zokukhuphuka.

Isinyathelo 1 - Ukuhlola okubonakalayo kanye nokulinganisa amandla

Njalo Ukuhlolwa kwe-SPDiqala nge ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-torque yokugcina— isinyathelo esilula kakhulu, kodwa leso esivame ukweqiwa ensimini.

Ngiqala ngokubheka ukuthi izindlu eziqhekekile, izimpawu zokusha, noma ama-terminal axegayolokho kungabangela amaphutha e-arc. Ngabe sengiya i-torque ngayinye isikulufu ibe ngu-0.8 Nmusebenzisa umshayeli olinganisiwe.

Ngesinye isikhathi, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokuthunyelwa, ngathola umucu owodwa wethusicishe inqanyuliwe ngaphansi kwesikulufu sokubamba. Bekuyoba kwahwamuka ekukhuphukeni kokuqala kombani, ibulala ngokushesha isekethe yokuvikela.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ngenze ukuhlolwa kokubona kanye ne-torqueingxenye ephoqelekile yawo wonke umuntu Umbiko wokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi ye-SPDsithumela kumakhasimende ku- IYurophu kanye ne-US

Isinyathelo 2 - Ukumelana nokushisa

Isinyathelo esilandelayo esibalulekile ku Ukuhlolwa kwe-SPDingabe ukulinganisa ukumelana nokushisaUkusebenzisa i- 1 kV ingxubevange, ngilinganisa ukumelana phakathi umugqa (L) kanye nomhlaba ovikelayo (PE).

Yonke iyunithi kumele inakekelwe >10 MΩ. Ukufundwa okungaphansi kwalesi silinganiso kubonisa ukuvuza kwe-varistor kwasekuqaleni, okubeka engcupheni ukuvikelwa kokuqhuma. Noma iyiphi i-SPD eboniswayo kuyinto kwenqatshwa ngokushesha— akukho okuhlukile.

Lokhu kulula ukuhlolwa kwe-meggerkuvimbela ukwehluleka okufihliwe okungabangela ama-inverter elanga noma ama-motor ezimboniukwehluleka ngesikhathi somcimbi wokwanda.

Isinyathelo 3 - Izinga lokuvikela i-Voltage

I Ukuhlolwa kwe-Voltage Protection Level (VPR)kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi Izibambo ze-SPD zikhuphuka ngamandla kagesi ngokuphephileUkusebenzisa i- ijeneretha yokwanda isethwe ku-3 kA, 8/20 µs, ngilinganisa i-voltage yokubamba nge-oscilloscope.

Okwe I-600 V DC SPD, i I-VPR kumele ihlale ingaphansi kuka-900 V. Eqoqweni lethu lokugcina, i-VPR elinganisiwe yayiyi 820 V, okuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amayunithi aphumelele ukuhlolwa.

Lesi sinyathelo siqinisekisa ukuthi I-SPD izovikela ama-inverter elanga azwelayo kanye nemishini yezimboningesikhathi sezehlakalo zokwanda kwangempela, ukuvimbela isikhathi sokungasebenzi esibizayo.

Isinyathelo 4 - Ukuvuza kwamanje e-Uc

Ukuhlolwa Kwamanje Kokuvuzakuqinisekisa ukuthi I-SPD ihlala iphephile ngaphansi kwe-voltage eqhubekayoNgiphakamisa i-voltage ye-DC ukuze 600Vfuthi ulinganise ukuvuza kwamanje.

Ngokwezindinganiso zethu, ukuvuza kwamanje kumele kuhlale ngaphansi kwe-1 mANoma yiliphi iyunithi elidlula lo mkhawulo—njengokufunda okukodwa 1.2 mA—kuthambekele ku ukushisa ngokweqile kanye nokwehluleka emazingeni okushisa aphezuluAma-SPD anjalo kulahliwe, akakaze ehliswe isithunzi.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kuqinisekisa isivikelo esithembekile samaphaneli elanga kanye nemishini yezimboni, ukuvimbela ukwehluleka okungaholela esikhathini sokungasebenzi esibizayo.

Isinyathelo 5 - Isibonakaliso sokuphela kokuphila

Ukuhlolwa Kwesibonakaliso Sokuphela Kwempilokubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi Ukuvikelwa kwe-SPD kuyasebenza.

Ngifingqa i-varistor imizuzwana emi-5, bese uyikhulula. ifulegi lesikhombisi kufanele libe bomvunoma I-LED kumele icime.

A isibonakaliso sokubhajwa noma sokungasebenzi kahlekungadukisa abasebenzisi bacabange ukuthi i-SPD isasebenza. Noma iyiphi iyunithi ekwaziyo kusabonisa okuluhlazangemva kokuhlolwa kwenqatshwa ngokushesha.

Okuvamile ukuhlolwa kokuphela kokuphilakuvimbela ukwehluleka okufihliwe, ukuvikela amaphaneli akho elanga noma izinhlelo zezimboni emonakalweni ongalindelekile.

 Indlela Yokuthola I-SPD Ehlulekile

Ngisho ne-SPD ebonakala “isebenza” ingahluleka buthule. Uma ihlolwa, izinsalela zamalahlekungavela lapho i-varistor yake yahlala phansi, okubonisa umonakalo wangaphakathi.

Funa i izimpawu ezintathu ezibalulekile zokwehluleka:

1.Umbala wesikhombisi– uma ikhombisa isignali "enempilo" engamanga, i-SPD iba sengozini.

2.Izindawo ezishisayo ezishisayo– noma iyiphi indawo engenhla 70 °Ckuyisixwayiso.

3.Ukuvuza okungaphezulu kakhulu- ukufundwa okungenhla 1 mAkukhombisa ukwehluleka.

Noma yisiphi salezi zibonakalisoiqinisekisa ukuthi i-SPD akusanikezi ukuvikelwa kokuqhumafuthi kufanele kube kushintshwe ngokushesha.

 Kungani Izinkomba ze-SPD Zingadukisa

Ama-SPD amaningi asebenzisa amafulegi omshininjengezinkomba zokuphela kokuphila. Lawa mafulegi ayawa kuphela uma ukuphakama kudlula u-250 A, incazelo imicimbi ehamba kancane ye-over-voltagekungalimaza i-varistor ngaphandle kokuqalisa inkomba.

Ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa okunembile, thembela ku- ikhamera yokushisaukuthola izindawo ezishisayo. Eqoqweni lakamuva lama-SPD angu-480, Amayunithi ayi-12kuboniswe Izindawo ezishisayo ezingama-80°C, kodwa kuphela Abathathu babenamafulegi akhubekile.

Isifundo:Ungathembi inkomba yodwa—izithombe zokushisa kanye nokuhlolwa kokuvuzazibalulekile ekuphepheni.

I-Megger vs. Oscilloscope: Ukuqonda Imiphumela Yokuhlolwa kwe-SPD

Uma kuhlolwa ama-SPD, ukuhlanganaizinyathelo ukumelana nokushisa, ngenkathi i-oscilloscopeimibukiso ukusebenza kwe-voltage yokubopha.

Kuqoqo elilodwa, iyunithi iboniswa 15 MΩku-megger kodwa kuboshwe ku- 1.4 kV, idlula incazelo ngo 400V. Ukufundwa kwe-megger kwabonakala kulungile, kodwa i-oscilloscope yembule ingozi yangempela.

Okubalulekile:Hlanganisa njalo ukuhlolwa kokumelana nokuhlolwa kwamandla kagesi okucindezelayoukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwe-SPD. Uma iyunithi yehluleka, lungisa inkinga ngokushesha—ngezinye izikhathi ukulungiswa kweresiphi ye-varistoriyadingeka.

Amaphutha Okuhlola E-SPD Avamile Nokuthi Ungawagwema Kanjani

Ukuhlola ama-SPD ngendlela engafanele kungalimaza kokubili idivayisi kanye nemishini yakho. Nazi ezinye zezindlela. amaphutha amane avamile:

1.Ukunganqamuli i-SPD– Hlala uhlukanisa iyunithi nesekethe ukuze ugweme ukufundwa okungamanga noma izinhlansi.

2.Ukusebenzisa i-voltage yokuhlola engalungile– Hlola imininingwane ye-AC noma i-DC SPDs ngaphambi kokuhlola.

3.Ukuhlola izingxenye ezibandayo- Vumela i-SPD ukuthi ifinyelele 25 °Cukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-insulation inembile futhi ifundwa ngokuvuza.

4.Ukunganaki ubude bekhebula nemiphumela ye-lead– Engeza 1 m ukuholaekubaleni kwakho ukuze kucatshangelwe ukumelana okwengeziwe noma ukujiya.

Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha, uvikela i-SPD yakho, amathuluzi akho okuhlola, futhi uvimbela ukwehluleka kwensimu okubizayo.

 Iphutha 1 - Ukuhlola ama-SPD ngenkathi exhunywe kwi-Circuit

Elinye lamaphutha avame kakhulu yileli ukuhlola i-SPD ngenkathi ihlala kumjikelezo obukhomaKumaphaneli lapho umhlaba uhlanganyela khona imithwalo, i-megger ingafunda 2 MΩkusukela kuma-motor windings esikhundleni se-SPD uqobo, okuholela ku imiphumela yokuphasa/yokwehluleka okungamanga.

Umkhuba ofanele:Njalo vula i-breaker bese uhlukanisa ngokuphelele i-SPDngaphambi kokuhlola. Sebenzisa i- ithegi noma ilebula lesixwayisoukuvimbela ukuxhumeka kabusha ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.

 Iphutha 2 - Ukweqa Ukushisa Okucwiliswayo Kokuhlolwa kwe-SPD

Izinga lokushisa lithinta kakhulu ukufundwa kokuvuza kwe-SPD.I-varistor ihlolwe e- 5 °Cingabonisa Ukuvuza okuphezulu ngo-20%kunasekushiseni kwegumbi, okungase kubangele ukwehluleka kwamanganoma amaphutha angatholakali.

Umkhuba omuhle kakhulu:Sebenzisa igumbi elilawulwa izinga lokushisakusethwe ku- 25 °C ±2 °Cfuthi cwilisa ama-SPD amahora amabilingaphambi kokuhlola. Lesi sinyathelo esilula yehlise izinga lethu lokubuyisa i-SPD ngo-35%futhi kuqinisekisa imiphumela enembile kakhudlwana.

 Iphutha 3 - Ukungazinaki i-Lead Inductance ezivivinyweni ze-SPD

Ama-lead okuhlolwa okude aletha i-inductance, ngokuvamile 1 µH ngemitha, okungaba engeza kufika ku-20 V ekukhuphukeni okungu-8/20 µs.

Umkhuba omuhle kakhulu:Njalo linganisa uhlelo lwakho lokulinganisa ngama-test leads angempelauzosebenzisa, qopha noma yikuphi ukukhishwa kwe-voltage, futhi susa ekufundweni kokugcinaLokhu kuqinisekisa izilinganiso zezinga lokuvikela i-voltage elinembile (i-VPR)kuyo yonke i-SPD.

Isikhathi Sokufaka I-SPD Yakho Ngemva Kokuhlolwa

Ukwazi nini ukufaka esikhundleni idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka (i-SPD)kubalulekile ukugwema isikhathi sokuphumula esibizayo.

Shintsha i-SPD ngokusheshauma kukhona ipharamitha ikhukhuleka ngaphezu kwe-10% kusukela ekulinganisweni kwayo kwasekuqaleniIzinkomba ezibalulekile zifaka:

1.Ukuvuza kwamanje >1 mA

2.Izinga lokuvikela i-voltage (VPR) liyakhuphuka >10%

3.Izinga lokushisa le-SPD lidlula ama-°C angu-70

Njalo bhala usuku lokufaka esikhundlenifuthi buyisela i-SPD endala efektriukuhlaziywa kokwehluleka. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokulawulafuthi kusiza ukuvimbela izinkinga eziphindaphindayo ekufakweni kwelanga noma kwezimboni.

Ingabe kufanele ngibeke usuku lwekhalenda?

Impela. Ngisho Ama-SPD abukeka ephelele angonakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathiUkuze uhlale uthembekile ukuvikelwa kokuqhuma, sincoma:

1.Amapulazi elanga:hlela ukushintsha njalo iminyaka emihlanu

2.Amaphaneli ezimoto zezimboni:hlela ukushintsha njalo iminyaka emithathu

I-SPD ngayinye ithola i- Isitika esinekhodi ye-QRokubonisa usuku olulandelayo lokugcina. Amakhasimende angakwazi skena ukuze ulandelele amashejuli okufaka esikhundleni, ukuqinisekisa ukushintshana ngesikhathi esifanele nokugwema ukwehluleka okungalindelekile. Cabanga ngakho njengento Isikhumbuzo "sokushintsha uwoyela" samadivayisi akho okuvikela ukukhuphuka.

 Ngingayilungisa yini i-Varistor noma i-SPD esikhundleni sokuyishintsha?

Akukhuthazwa ukulungisa i-varistor noma i-SPD.I-varistor yenziwe nge-sintered ceramic; uma izinhlamvu zayo zincibilika ngenxa yokuqhuma, iba yi-resistor ehlala njalo futhi ayisakwazi ukuvikela uhlelo lwakho. Ukuzama ukusebenzisa kabusha izindlu noma ama-SPD amadala kaningi kubiza okungaphezu kweyunithi entsha.

Ukuze siqhubeke sizinzile, sinikeza Ikhredithi engu-5% yama-core e-SPD abuyiselwe, futhi thina phinda usebenzise i-zinc oxidengokuzibophezela, ukuqinisekisa kokubili izinzuzo zemvelo kanye nezomnotho.

Isiphetho

Ukuhlolwa nokuqapha njalo ama-SPD akhokubalulekile ukuvimbela umonakalo wemishini ebizayo. ukumelana nokushisa, izinga lokuvikela i-voltage, kanye nomsinga wokuvuzayeyunithi ngayinye, futhi shintsha ama-SPD abonisa noma yiziphi izimpawu zokwehlulekangaphambi kokuba zithinte izinhlelo zakho zelanga noma zezimboni.

Ngoba amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka ahlolwe kusengaphambili (ama-SPD) athunyelwa ngqo evela efektri yethu yaseWenzhou eya eJalimane noma e-US, xhumana nathi ku- Iveni@leikexing.comSiyaqinisekisa ama-SPD asezingeni eliphezulu, ahlolwe efektriilungele ukufakwa ngesonto elizayo.