Idivayisi Yokuvikela Ukukhuphuka: Izinhlobo, Imisebenzi, kanye Nezicelo

Ngibone isenzakalo esisodwa sokukhuphuka kwentengo sichitha izinyanga zokuhlela ukukhiqiza futhi sivala wonke umugqa ngobusuku obubodwa.

A idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka inciphisa ugesi odlulayo okwesikhashana futhi idlulisela amandla okuqhuma emhlabathini ngokuphephile, ivikela izinhlelo zikagesi, imishini ebucayi, kanye nokuthembeka kokusebenza kwesikhathi eside.

Ngezansi, ngichaza ukuthi amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka kwengcindezi asebenza kanjani, lapho kusetshenziswa khona izinhlobo ezahlukene, kanye nendlela amaqembu okuthenga akhetha ngayo ikhambi elifanele.

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Iyini Idivayisi Yokuvikela Ukwanda?

Idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka ivikela izinhlelo zikagesi ekushiseni kwamandla kagesi okwesikhashana okubangelwa umbani, ukusebenza kokushintsha, noma ukuphazamiseka kwegridi, okuvimbela ukwehluleka kokufakwa kokushisa kanye nomonakalo wemishini.

Idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka (i-SPD) ifakwa ngokuhambisana nesekethe yamandla. Ngaphansi kwe-voltage evamile, ihlala ingasebenzi. Lapho i-voltage idlula umkhawulo ochaziwe, i-SPD ishintshela esimweni se-impedance ephansi bese iqondisa kabusha i-surge current emhlabeni. Lokhu kusabela kwenzeka kuma-nanoseconds, ngokushesha kakhulu kune-circuit breakers noma ama-fuse.

Amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka avame ukusetshenziswa ku:

• Amabhodi okusabalalisa ezimboni

• Amakhabhinethi okulawula namaphaneli e-PLC

• Izinhlelo zamandla elanga nomoya

• Izikhungo zedatha kanye nengqalasizinda yezokuxhumana

Ngokungafani nama-surge suppressor ayisisekelo, amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka kwezimboni ahlolwa ngokwezindinganiso ze-IEC 61643 kanye ne-UL. Ahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ngokusekelwe endaweni yokufaka kanye nekhono lamanje lokukhuphuka kwegesi.

Amadivayisi Okuvikela Ukukhuphuka vs Ukuvikelwa Kwendabuko Okungaphezu Kwamanje

Amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka kwegesi awathathi indawo yama-fuse noma ama-breaker. Kunalokho, ayawasekela ngokubhekana nezikhathi zesikhashana ezimfushane, ezinamandla aphezulu amadivayisi angakwazi ukuzibona.

Umehluko obalulekile uhlanganisa:

• Ubude bokukhuphuka: amasekhondi amancane vs amasekhondi

• Umthombo wamandla: umbani noma ukushintsha, hhayi amaphutha omthwalo

• Indlela yokuvikela: ukubopha i-voltage, hhayi ukunqamula

Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Ngaphakathi Kwedivayisi Yokuvikela Ukwanda

Amadivayisi amaningi okuvikela ukukhuphuka asebenzisa:

• Ama-Metal Oxide Varistors (ama-MOV)

• Izikhala zenhlansi noma amapayipi okukhipha igesi

• Izixhumi zokushisa zokuphepha

Ingxenye ngayinye inegalelo ekuphenduleni okusheshayo nasekuziphatheni kokwehluleka okulawulwayo.

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Idivayisi Yokuvikela Ukwanda Ivimbela Kanjani Ukulimala Kukagesi?

Idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka kwegesi ivimbela umonakalo ngokucindezela i-voltage nokuguqula amandla amaningi asuke ezindleleni zokumisa imishini.

Uma umfutho ungena ohlelweni, i-voltage ikhuphuka ngokushesha. I-SPD izwa lokhu kukhuphuka bese isebenza ngokushesha. Idala indlela yokumelana ephansi eya phansi, iqinisekisa ukuthi umfutho womfutho udlula imithwalo ebucayi njenge-drive, izinsiza zikagesi, kanye nezilawuli.

Le ndlela yokuvikela ibalulekile kuma-elekthronikhi anamuhla, avame ukubekezelela kuphela imingcele emincane ye-overvoltage.

Ukubopha Amandla Nokushabalalisa Amandla

Ukubopha i-voltage kunciphisa i-voltage ephezulu ebonwa yimishini engezansi komfula. Amapharamitha abalulekile afaka:

• Ukukhishwa kwamanje okujwayelekile (ngaphakathi)

• Ukukhishwa kwamandla aphezulu (Imax)

• Izinga lokuvikela i-voltage (Phezulu)

Amanani e-Lower Up ahlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okungcono kodwa adinga ukuhlanganiswa okucophelelayo.

Isikhathi Sokuphendula Nokuxhumanisa

Amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka asabela kumasekhondi amancane. Kodwa-ke, ukubambisana phakathi kwama-SPD aphezulu naphansi kubalulekile.

Ukuhlanganiswa okufanele kuqinisekisa:

• Amadivayisi ohlobo 1 amunca imisinga yombani enamandla aphezulu

• Amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka kohlobo lwesibili avimba i-voltage esele

• Ama-SPD asezingeni lemishini ahlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuhle

Ikhwalithi Yokumisa Nokusebenza Kokukhuphuka

Ayikho idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka esebenza ngaphandle kokumisa kahle. Izindlela zokumisa eziphansi ezivimbela ukuvimba zinciphisa i-voltage evumela ukudlula futhi zithuthukise isikhathi sokuphila se-SPD.

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Izinhlobo Zamadivayisi Okuvikela Ukwanda Zichazwa

Amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka ahlukaniswe ngohlobo 1, uhlobo 2, kanye nohlobo 3 ngokusekelwe ezindinganisweni ze-IEC nendawo yokufaka.

Uhlobo ngalunye lunendima ethile ekwakhiweni kokuvikela ukukhuphuka okunezingqimba.

Ukubuka Konke Kwedivayisi Yokuvikela Ukwanda Kohlobo 1

Idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka kohlobo 1 ifakiwe emnyango wesevisi. Yenzelwe ukuphatha imisinga yombani eqondile engena kusuka ezintanjeni eziphezulu.

Uhlobo 2 Ukubuka Konke Kwedivayisi Yokuvikela Ukwanda

A idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka kohlobo lwesibili ivikela izifunda ezingezansi ekukhuphukeni okubangelwayo kanye nezinguquko ezishintshayo.

Amadivayisi Ohlobo 1+2 Ahlanganisiwe

Kumaphaneli alinganiselwe isikhala, ama-SPD ahlanganisiwe anikeza kokubili ukuphathwa kwamanje okukhanyisa kanye nokubopha i-voltage.

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Kusetshenziswa kuphi amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka kohlobo 1 nohlobo 2?

Amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka kohlobo 1 nohlobo 2 asetshenziswa emazingeni ahlukene ohlelo lokusabalalisa ugesi ukudala ukuvikelwa okunezingqimba.

Amadivayisi ohlobo 1 afakwa endaweni yokungena esakhiweni, kuyilapho amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka kohlobo 2 efakwa kumaphaneli okusabalalisa angaphakathi aseduze nemithwalo.

Izicelo Zedivayisi Yokuvikela Ukwanda Kohlobo 1

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivamile zifaka:

• Izakhiwo zezimboni ezichayeka ngaphandle kombani

• Izakhiwo ezinezintambo zikagesi eziphezu kwendlu

• Izitshalo zikagesi zelanga ezinengozi yombani

Lawa madivayisi avikela yonke indawo emisingeni yombani engenayo.

Izicelo Zedivayisi Yokuvikela Ukwanda Kohlobo 2

Amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka kohlobo lwesibili asetshenziswa kabanzi ku:

• Amabhodi okusabalalisa efektri

• Amakhabhinethi okulawula namaphaneli e-MCC

• Izakhiwo zezentengiselwano namagumbi edatha

A uhlobo 2 lwedivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka kunciphisa i-voltage esele ngemuva kokuvikelwa kohlobo 1 futhi kuvikela ama-electronics azwelayo.

Isibonelo Sokufakwa Okuhlelekile

Ukusetha okujwayelekile kuhlanganisa:

• Uhlobo 1 lwe-SPD kumuntu ohola imali eyinhloko

• Idivayisi yokuvikela yohlobo lwesibili kumaphaneli amancane

• Uhlobo lwe-3 SPDs kuma-terminal emishini

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Ungakhetha Kanjani Phakathi Kwamadivayisi Okuvikela Ukwanda Kohlobo 1 Nohlobo 2?

Ukukhetha phakathi kwamadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka kohlobo 1 nohlobo 2 kuncike endaweni yokufakwa, ingozi yombani, kanye nomklamo wesistimu.

Amaqembu okuthenga akufanele akwenze lokhu njengesinqumo esilula sokuthi “noma yikuphi noma okunye”. Ezindaweni eziningi zezimboni, zombili izinhlobo ziyadingeka.

Izindlela Zokukhetha Ukhiye

Cabanga ngalezi zici ezilandelayo:

• Uhlobo lokunikezwa kwamandla (ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi komhlaba)

• Izinga lokuvikela umbani (i-LPL)

• Ukuzwela kwemishini kanye nezindleko zesikhathi sokungasebenzi

• Izindinganiso ezisebenzayo (IEC, UL)

Ithebula Lokukhetha Uhlobo 1 vs Uhlobo 2

Amaphutha Avamile Okuthengwa Kwempahla

Ngivame ukubona abathengi:

• Ukufaka amadivayisi ohlobo lwesibili kuphela kumuntu ohola imali oyinhloko

• Ukunganaki ukumelana nokumiswa komhlabathi

• Ukukhetha ama-SPD ngokusekelwe entengo, hhayi entengo ephezulu

La maphutha aholela ekuhlulekeni okuphindaphindiwe kanye nezingxabano zewaranti.

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Izicelo Ezijwayelekile Zezimboni Zamadivayisi Okuvikela Ukwanda

Amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka kwentengo abalulekile ezinhlelweni zezimboni lapho isikhathi sokungasebenzi silingana nokulahlekelwa yimali.

Izitshalo zokukhiqiza, izinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo, kanye namaphrojekthi engqalasizinda konke kuncike emasu okuvikela ukukhuphuka okunezingqimba.

Izinhlelo Zokukhiqiza Nokuzenzakalela

Ama-SPD avikela:

• Ama-PLC nama-HMI

• Amadrayivu emvamisa eguquguqukayo

• Izimpahla zikagesi zezimboni

Ngisho nokwanda okuncane kungabangela amaphutha okucabanga noma ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Izinhlelo Zamandla Avuselelekayo

Ukufakwa kwelanga nomoya kusebenzisa amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka kwamanzi ku:

• Izintambo ze-DC

• Imiphumela ye-AC ye-Inverter

• Imigqa yokuqapha kanye nokuxhumana

Ingqalasizinda Yedatha Nokuxhumana

Amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka ayasebenza naku:

• Imigqa ye-Ethernet kanye ne-fieldbus

• Izisekelo zokulawula kanye nezinsimbi

Ama-SPD kagesi kanye nesignali kumele ahlanganiswe.

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Ukufakwa Nokulungiswa Kwezindlela Ezinhle Kakhulu Zokusebenza

Ukufakwa okufanele kubaluleke njengokukhetha idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka efanele.

Imikhuba emibi yokuxhuma izintambo inganciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-SPD ngaphezu kuka-50%.

Iziqondiso Zokufaka

Imikhuba emihle kakhulu ihlanganisa:

• Gcina ama-lead okuxhumana emafushane ngangokunokwenzeka

• Sebenzisa ama-grounding conductor akhethekile

• Landela imininingwane ye-torque yomkhiqizi

Ukuqapha Nokufaka Esikhundleni

Amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka kwe-surge yesimanje ahlanganisa:

• Izinkomba zesimo sokubonakala

• Oxhumana nabo be-alamu abakude

Lezi zici zisiza amaqembu okulungisa ukuthi abone izimo zokuphela kwempilo.

Ukuthobela imithetho kanye nemibhalo

Qinisekisa njalo:

• Imibiko yokuhlola ye-IEC 61643

• Imibhalo yokuxhumanisa

• Izilinganiso zokusekela phansi

Lokhu kuvikela kokubili ukusebenza kanye nesibopho.

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Isiphetho

Okukhethiwe kahle idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka kunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi, kuvikela izimpahla, futhi kuqinisa ukuthembeka kohlelo lwesikhathi eside. Khetha ngokusekelwe ekwakhiweni kohlelo, hhayi entengo yeyunithi.

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Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwedivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka kanye ne-surge arrester?

Idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka ivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zama-voltage aphansi, kuyilapho izithiyo zokuvimba ukukhuphuka zivame kumanethiwekhi ama-voltage aphakathi naphezulu.

2. Ngingasebenzisa kuphela idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka kohlobo lwesibili?

Ezinhlelweni eziningi zezimboni, cha. Ngaphandle kwedivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka kohlobo 1, amandla ombani angadlula imikhawulo yohlobo 2.

3. Kufanele ifakwe kuphi idivayisi yokuvikela yohlobo lwesibili?

Idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka kohlobo lwesibili ifakiwe kumaphaneli okusabalalisa aseduze nemithwalo ebucayi.

4. Idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Isikhathi sokuphila sincike ekuvameni kokukhuphuka kwamandla, ikhwalithi yokumisa, kanye nezilinganiso zamandla okukhipha.