Ukuvikelwa Kombani we-PV Wezinga Lesistimu: Kungani i-SPD Ibalulekile

Angisoze ngalukhohlwa usuku lapho umbani owodwa washaya khona waqeda izinyanga eziyisithupha zomkhawulo endaweni engu-5 MW e-Arizona. I-flash eyodwa yabhubhisa ama-inverter angu-42—futhi ibhonasi yethu ye-Q4 yanyamalala nawo. Leso senzakalo sashintsha indlela engiklama ngayo yonke indawo.

Amadivayisi okuvikela i-Surge (ama-SPD) ayindlela engabizi kakhulu yokuvimba amandla ombani ukuthi angahambi ngezintambo ze-DC kanye namabhokisi okuhlanganisa i-AC.Manje sengizifaka kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zekhebula ngalinye. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izicelo zami zomshuwalense zehle zaya ku-zero.

Uma uphatha amandla elanga angaphezu kuka-500 kW, qhubeka ufunda. Ngizokukhombisa indlela eqondile engikhetha, engibeka, futhi engithenga ngayo ama-SPD ukuze ukushaya kube yinto engeyona eyenzeke.

 I-SPD Akuyona Idivayisi Ezimele ku Izinhlelo ze-PV LPS

Ngangivame ukuphatha ama-SPD njenge-fuse enhle—ngiwafake, ngiqinise ama-lugs, futhi ngikubize ngosuku. Lokho kwaphela ngemva kokushaya okuqondile kweqa ama-SPD amathathu “ahlukanisiwe” futhi ngisawathosa i-PC yami yokuqapha. Lokho kwehluleka kwavuselela ukucabanga kwami ​​​​unomphela.

I-SPD iyisici esisodwa kuphela esiphelele uhlelo lokuvikela umbani (i-LPS).Kumelwe isebenze ngokubopha, ukuvikela, kanye nokufaka umhlaba ukuze sonke isakhiwo sikhuphuke futhi siwe ndawonye ngesikhathi sokuqhuma. Lokhu akuyona inkolelo-mbono—lokhu kuyiqiniso lasensimini.

Kungani ukucabanga "kwe-SPD yodwa" kwehluleka

Umbani awunandaba nama-datasheet—ulandela izindlela ze-impedance. Lapho ngifaka i-1 000 V SPD endaweni evalekile yepulasitiki engenawo ipuleti langemuva lensimbi, ukushaya kwavele kwaqonda esikulufini esiseduze futhi kwafika e-MLPE yami. I-SPD yasabela kahle, kodwa uhleloyehlulekile ngoba indawo ebiyelwe yayintanta ku-40 kV ngama-µs angu-3.

Nakhu engikugcizelelayo manje kuyo yonke iphrojekthi:

1. I-Metal enclosure iboshwe kubha yomhlaba efanayo ne-inverter.

2. Ubude bomthofu obungaphansi kuka-0.5 m kokubili emgqeni nasemhlabathini.

3. Isibopho sendandatho yethusi engenalutho esingu-A 6 AWG kufreyimu ngayinye yemojuli.

Lezi zinyathelo zibiza ngaphansi kuka-$12 ngentambo ngayinye—kodwa zinciphise ukubizwa kwami ​​​​kwesayithi ngo-80%.

Uchungechunge olunezingxenye ezine wonke umhloli afuna ukulubona

Ngiqinisekisa izinto ezine ngaphambi kokuba uhlelo lokusebenza luvale ukunqamula:

1. Isikhumulo somoya esingaphezu kwe-tracker ephezulu kakhulu.

2. I-Down conductor ixhunywe kugridi yomhlaba engu-5 Ω.

3. Ukubopha okunezinsimbi kwazo zonke izingxenye zensimbi.

4. Ama-SPD kumigqa ye-DC, AC, kanye nesignali—ngalinye linokuxhumeka kokushisa kanye ne-IP66.

Uma uphuthelwa yisixhumanisi esisodwa uzothola ithegi ebomvu. Manje ngithatha isithombe sesinyathelo ngasinye bese ngisinamathisela ku-O&M binder. Amabhange ayawathanda amadokhumenti—futhi imigomo yami yokukhokha yehla kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-60 kuya kwezingu-21.

Indlela Yokukhetha I-SPD Efanele Yokufakwa Kwakho Kwe-PV

NgoJuni odlule umhlinzeki wangishukumisela ukuba ngithole amayunithi angu-600 V “ashibhile futhi ajabulisayo” ngentambo engu-1 000 V. Ngemva kwamasonto amabili isiteleka esiseduze sapheka ama-MOV—futhi iwaranti ye-inverter yayingasebenzi. Ngayithatha ilahleko futhi ngakha lolu hlu lokuhlola ukuze lungaphinde lwenzeke.

Ngifanisa amanani amathathu nendawo ngayinye: i-voltage ephezulu ye-DC, i-short-circuit current, kanye nezinga lokuchayeka kombani.Bese ngikhetha i-SPD ene-Uc okungenani engu-20% ngaphezu kwe-Voc kanye ne-Iimp engu-12.5 kA (10/350 µs) noma ngaphezulu.

Isilinganiso se-voltage: umthetho we-1 200 V

Ngilinganisa i-Voc ekuseni okubanda kakhulu onyakeni bese ngengeza u-20%. EDenver umphumela wawungu-1 080 V, ngakho ngakhuphukela ku-1 200 V SPD. Ukonga u-$4 ngokukhetha i-1 000 V akukufanele—ukwehluleka okukodwa kubiza ama-SPD angaphezu kuka-500.

Isilinganiso samanje: kungani i-6.25 kA inganele emapulazini amakhulu

I-NEC 690 idinga kuphela i-6.25 kA (8/20 µs), kodwa amapulazi amakhulu e-PV ahlangabezana nezehlakalo ze-multi-stroke. Ngikala i-Iimp ngisebenzisa leli thebula:

Ukuphinda kabili isilinganiso kunezela cishe u-$9 ngeyunithi ngayinye—kodwa umshwalense wami wehlise iphrimiyamu ngo-15%. Leso saphulelo esisodwa simboze izindleko ze-SPD endaweni engu-6 MW.

Ukunqanyulwa kokushisa kanye nokubonisa okukude

Ngake ngalahlekelwa yintambo engu-75 kW ngoba i-MOV yayishisa kakhulu futhi yasha. Manje ngithenga ama-SPD kuphela ane-thermal disconnect kanye ne-alamu yokuxhumana eyomile. Ngiwafaka ku-SCADA ukuze ithimba lithole isaziso ngaphambi kokuba iphunga lepulasitiki elishile lifike komakhelwane.

Amaphuzu Abalulekile Okufaka i-SPD ye-PV LPS Ethembekile

Ngake ngabuka abasebenzi begibela ama-SPD ku- umnyangoyekhabhinethi ye-inverter. Ama-lead angu-1 m asebenza njenge-antenna futhi ukushayiswa kwangena ebhasini le-DC. Ngagcina ngifake kabusha izintambo zesayithi ngezindleko zami—futhi ngabhala le mithetho ukuvimbela ukuphinda.

Gcina ama-lead ngaphansi kuka-0.5 m, shintsha umugqa osontekile kanye nama-earth pairs, bese ufaka ama-SPD epuletini lensimbi elifanayo ne-inverter.Lokhu kugcina i-voltage evumela ukuthi idlule ngaphansi kuka-600 V—iphephile kuma-semiconductor angu-1 200 V.

Indawo, indawo, indawo

Ngifaka ama-DC SPD ngaphakathi kwebhokisi lokuhlanganisa, hhayi ku-inverter. Lokho kunciphisa ubude be-lead bube ngu-25 cm. Ohlangothini lwe-AC, ngifaka i-SPD kuphaneli yokuphumula umthwalo ngemuva nje kwe-main breaker—ngivikela kokubili i-inverter kanye ne-revenue meter.

I-geometry yomhlaba esebenza ngempela

Bopha i-SPD earth terminal kubha efanayo yethusi ne-inverter chassis. Sebenzisa intambo engu-16 mm² ecindezelwe ku-20 Nm, bese usebenzisa ithusi elingenalutho elingu-50 mm² ngqo entongeni yomhlaba. Ukumelana ne-SPD emhlabeni kumele kube

Ngithatha isithombe sokufundwa kwe-micro-ohmmeter—kuyaqeda impikiswano nonjiniyela abakhethayo.

Ukuvalwa kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuvikelwa kwe-UV

ENdiya ngo-45°C, i-IP20 SPD yaphuka futhi yaqhekeka ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Manje sengichaza izindawo zokuvala ze-IP66 kanye nezindlala ezizinzile ze-UV. Imali eyengeziwe engu-$3 ngeyunithi ngayinye ishibhile kunendiza enophephela emhlane endaweni ehlane.

Isikhathi sokufaka singaphansi kwemizuzu eyisithupha ngentambo ngayinye, ngakho-ke umsebenzi uhlala ngaphansi kuka-$4. Lokho kugcina ibhidi lami le-EPC liqinile futhi i-PM yami ijabule.

Izinhlobo ze-SPD ezinconyiwe kanye nezilinganiso zezinhlelo ze-PV

Ngigcina ishidi elincane lokukhohlisa linamathiselwe ngaphakathi kwelokha lami. Kuyangivimba ukuthi ngingacabangi kakhulu lapho umthengisi ephakamisa incwajana ekhazimulayo.

Kuma-string e-PV ≤ 1 500 V, ngichaza Uhlobo 1+2, 1 200 V Uc, 50 kA Iimp, IP66, ngokunqanyulwa kokushisa.
Ku-480 V AC, ngisebenzisa i-600 V Uc ene-100 kA Imax ngoba i-utility feed iqinile.

Uhlu lwami olufushane lwamamodeli aqinisekisiwe ensimini

Ngigcina inguqulo engu-50 kA ukuze ngithole imisebenzi engu-90%. Uma indawo iseduze nogu lwaseFlorida, ngifinyelela ku-100 kA. Isikhathi sokuhola sisuka efektri yami siyizinsuku ezingu-12, futhi yonke iyunithi ithunyelwa nombiko wokuhlolwa kanye nesitifiketi se-UL 1449 CB. Amaphepha agcwalisa amasiko eHamburg, eLos Angeles, naseMumbai ngaphandle kwemibuzo eyengeziwe.

Izinombolo zezingxenye ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zama-OEM amakhulu

Lapho i-EPC yaseJalimane idinga imodeli engu-1 500 V enezintambo ze-MC4 ezixhunywe kusengaphambili, sayakha ngezinsuku eziyisikhombisa. Sanezela inombolo yochungechunge enekhodi yebha ukuze bakwazi ukuskena iyunithi ngayinye ku-SAP. I-MOQ yayiyizingcezu ezingu-200 kuphela, kanti intengo yeprimiyamu yayingu-$1.20. Basindise u-$8 000 emsebenzini wasensimini, ngakho umsebenzi owenziwe ngokwezifiso wazikhokhela ekuthunyelweni kokuqala.

Ungazithengaphi ama-SPD Athembekile Okuvikela i-PV Yelanga

Ngake ngathenga kumhwebi waseShenzhen owathembisa ukuthi “UL kusasa.” Isitifiketi asizange sifike, futhi isitsha sami sahlala e-Oakland amasonto amahlanu. Manje sengithenga ngqo efektri—futhi impilo ilula.

Ngithenga ama-SPD ngqo esitshalweni saseLeikexing eWenzhou.Bangabanikazi befayela le-UL, benza izivivinyo zokuguga eziyi-100%, futhi banikeza ukuthunyelwa kwe-EXW noma i-DDP. Ngithola iwaranti yezinyanga ezingama-24 kanye nekhithi yokusekela engu-2% kuyo yonke i-oda.

Kungani ngingayilandeli i-Alibaba uma ngithola ama-oda amakhulu

I-Alibaba ilungele amasampula—hhayi ama-oda angu-$80,000. Ngindiza ngiya eWenzhou, ngihlole isitshalo esingu-2,000 m², ngihlangane ne-QC, bese ngisayina inkontileka yohlaka. Lolo hambo lwama-$900 luqinisekisa ukunikezwa okuthembekile kanye nentengo eqondile yezinyanga ezingu-18.

Imigomo yokukhokha evikela izinhlangothi zombili

Ngisebenza ngo-30% wehliswa kanye no-70% webhili lokungenisa impahla. Ngemva kwe-oda lami lesibili, bavumile imigomo. Ngesikweletu, bavula kufikela ku-$1M uma ivolumu yonyaka idlula u-$200k—ngengxenye yesilinganiso senzalo sebhange lami.

Izinketho ze-logistics engizisebenzisayo

Ngemisebenzi yaseTexas, ngibhukha i-FCL eya eHouston. Kumakhasimende aseJalimane, ngikhetha isitimela esiya eDuisburg futhi ngiqede intela ye-EU ngamahora ambalwa. Noma ngabe yikuphi, ithimba lempahla lingithumelela ukulandelela nge-GPS kanye nokufakwa kwentela ngaphambi kokuba isitsha sifike. Ngidlulisela leyo datha kumakhasimende ami, futhi ngibukeka njengeqhawe ngaphandle kokuthinta iphalethi.

Isiphetho

Ungalindi isiphepho esilandelayo ukuze unqume isabelomali sakho sokulungisa.
Xhumana no I-Leikexingngamanani e-OEM, amasampula angu-1 500 V, noma ikhotheshini ephelele ye-PV SPD.
I-imeyili eyodwa ingonga isayithi lakho u-$20,000 emcimbini walo olandelayo wombani—masigcine isitshalo sakho selanga sithola imali, singashi.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Iyini idivayisi yokuvikela i-PV Surge?

Idivayisi Evikelayo ye-PV Surge ivikela izinhlelo zelanga ekushiseni kwamandla kagesi okudlulayo okubangelwa umbani noma izenzakalo zokushintsha.

2. Kungani ukuvikelwa kokuqhuma kwelanga kubalulekile ezinhlelweni ze-PV?

Ukuvikelwa kokuqhuma kwelanga kuvimbela ukwehluleka kwe-inverter, ukulimala kwentambo ye-DC, kanye nokulahleka kwamandla, okuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kohlelo isikhathi eside.

3. Ingabe ngidinga kokubili amadivayisi okuvikela e-DC kanye ne-AC Surge ukuze ngisebenzise amandla elanga?

Yebo. A Idivayisi Evikelayo ye-DC Surge yelanga ivikela uhlangothi lwe-PV array, kuyilapho Idivayisi Evikelayo Yokukhuphuka Kwe-AC yelanga ivikela ukuphuma kwe-inverter kanye nokuxhumeka kwegridi.

4. Kufanele ngiyisebenzise nini idivayisi yokuvikela i-Type 1+2 Surge?

A Uhlobo 1+2 SPD Kunconywa uma izinhlelo ze-PV zivezwa embaneni oqondile noma oseduze, okunikeza isivikelo esihlangene kudivayisi eyodwa.

5. Kungani i-IEC 61643 ibalulekile ekuvikeleni umbani we-PV?

I Idivayisi Yokuvikela Yokukhuphuka kwe-IEC 61643 indinganiso iqinisekisa ukuthi i-SPD ihlangabezana nezidingo zokuphepha nokusebenza komhlaba wonke kokufakwa kwe-PV.