Uyini Umehluko Phakathi Komvikeli Wokukhuphuka kanye Nokuvinjelwa Kokukhuphuka?

Ngivame ukubona izivikeli zokukhuphuka kanye nezithiyo zokuvimba ukukhuphuka zisetshenziswa ngokushintshana. Lokhu kudideka kuholela ekukhethweni okungalungile kwedivayisi kanye nokuvikelwa okungaphelele ezinhlelweni zikagesi.

Isivikelo sokukhuphuka vs isivikelo sokukhuphuka Akuyona impikiswano yamagama. Ibonisa izinjongo zokuvikela ezahlukene, izimiso zokusebenza, kanye nezindawo zokusebenzisa ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sokuvikela ukukhuphuka. Ukuqonda umehluko kubalulekile ekwakheni izinhlelo zamandla zezimboni, zezentengiselwano kanye nengqalasizinda ezithembekile.

Abavikeli Bokukhuphuka kanye Nezithiyo Zokumisa Ukunyuka Basebenza Kanjani Ngendlela Ehlukile?

Umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwesivikelo sokukhuphuka kanye nesivikelo sokukhuphuka ulele endleleni abasabela ngayo ezenzakalweni ze-overvoltage kanye nezinga lamandla okukhuphuka abaklanyelwe ukuwasingatha.

Indlela Abavikeli Bokukhuphuka Abasebenza Ngayo

A isivikelo sokwanda ngokuvamile i- idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka (i-SPD) ifakwe ngaphakathi kohlelo lokusabalalisa kagesi. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuvimba ama-overvoltage esikhashana nokunciphisa i-voltage esele ibe sezingeni eliphephile lemishini engezansi.

Ngokombono wobunjiniyela, indlela abavikeli bokukhuphuka kwejubane abasebenza ngayo kungafingqwa kanje:

• Sebenza ngokuhambisana nesekethe yamandla

• Hlala ungasebenzi ngesikhathi sezimo ze-voltage ezijwayelekile

• Shintshela ngokushesha esimweni sokuphazamiseka okuphansi ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka

• Phendulela ugesi wamanje uye phansi ngaphakathi kwamasekhondi amancane

Abavikeli bokukhuphuka bavame ukusebenzisa ama-MOV, ama-TVS diode, noma amasekethe e-hybrid futhi ahlukaniswa ngokuthi Uhlobo 1, Uhlobo 2, noma Uhlobo 3 lwe-SPD kuye ngendawo yokufaka kanye nokuchayeka kokukhuphuka kwegesi.

Indlela Abavimbeli Bokukhuphuka Abasebenza Ngayo

A isivimbeli sokukhuphuka kwejubane Iklanyelwe ngokuyinhloko ukuvikela izinhlelo ze-high-voltage ekukhanyeni nasekukhuphukeni kokushintsha. Isebenza ngokuhlinzeka ngendlela yokukhipha elawulwayo lapho i-voltage idlula izinga layo lokuvikela.

Indlela okusebenza ngayo ama-surge arresters kuhluka ngezindlela ezibalulekile:

• Yakhelwe ama-voltage aphezulu esistimu

• Phatha imisinga yokuqhuma enamandla kakhulu

• Kuvame ukufakwa kusukela phansi kuya phansi

• Gxila ekuvikelweni kokufakwa kokushisa esikhundleni se-voltage ephansi eseleyo

Izinto zokuvimba ukukhuphuka kwamandla kagesi zivame ukutholakala emigqeni yokudlulisela, eziteshini ezincane, kanye nasemishinini esezingeni lokusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi kunangaphakathi kwamaphaneli okusabalalisa esakhiweni.

Umehluko Obalulekile Wezobuchwepheshe

I umehluko phakathi kwesivikelo sokukhuphuka kanye nesivikelo sokukhuphuka akuyona nje isikali, kodwa inhloso yokuklama:

• Abavikeli bokukhuphuka bagxila ekuvikeleni izinto zobuchwepheshe ezibucayi

• Izinto zokuvimbela ukukhuphuka kwengcindezi zigxila ekuvikeleni ukuvikela ukushisa kanye nemishini kagesi

• Ama-SPD abeka phambili amazinga okuvikela amandla aphansi

• Ababambeleli babeka phambili ikhono lamandla aphezulu okuqhuma

Zisetshenziswa kuphi Izivikeli Zokukhuphuka vs Izithiyo Zokumisa Ukunyuka?

Izivikelo zokukhuphuka kanye nezithiyo zokuvimba ukukhuphuka zisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezahlukene ohlelweni lwamandla ngokusekelwe ezingeni le-voltage, ukuvezwa kokukhuphuka, kanye nokuzwela kwemishini.

Izicelo Ezijwayelekile Zabavikeli Bokukhuphuka

Izivikelo zokuqhuma zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni ezinama-voltage aphansi kanye nama-voltage aphakathi lapho imishini kagesi kumele ivikelwe kuma-overvoltage esikhashana.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivamile zifaka:

• Amaphaneli amakhulu kanye nokusabalalisa okuncane

• Amakhabhinethi okulawula ezimboni

• Izinhlelo zokuzenzakalela kanye nama-PLC

• Izakhiwo zezentengiselwano kanye nezikhungo zedatha

• Ukuvikelwa kokuqhuma kwendlu yonke izinhlelo

Ezinhlelweni zamandla ezikhungo, izivikeli zokuqhuma zisetshenziswa ngendlela ehlukaniswe ngezingqimba kusetshenziswa Uhlobo 1, Uhlobo 2, kanye nohlobo 3 lwe-SPD ukunciphisa kancane kancane amandla okukhuphuka.

Izixazululo eziningi zezinga lokwakha zincike ekuhleleni okuhlelekile Ukuvikelwa kokuqhuma kwe-AC ukuphatha ukukhuphuka kwegridi ngaphambi kokuba kufinyelele imithwalo ebucayi.

Izicelo Ezijwayelekile Ze-Surge Arresters

Izithiyo zokuvimba ukukhuphuka kwegesi ziyasetshenziswa lapho amandla okukhuphuka kwegesi ephezulu kakhulu futhi ukuvikela imishini kumele kuvikelwe:

• Imigqa yokudlulisa kanye nokusabalalisa izinsiza

• Iziteshi ezincane kanye nama-switchyard

• Ama-Transformer nemishini emikhulu ejikelezayo

• Ukufakwa kwamandla kagesi aphezulu ngaphandle

Ezitshalweni zamandla avuselelekayo kanye nezinhlelo zokudonsa, izibambiso zingasetshenziswa nasezifundeni ze-DC, lapho zinikezelwe khona Ukuvikelwa kokuqhuma kwe-DC amasu ayadingeka ukuze kusingathwe ukucindezeleka okuqhubekayo kwe-polarity.

Kungani Umongo Wokusebenza Ubalulekile

Ukufaka i-surge arrester ngaphakathi kwephaneli yokulawula ene-voltage ephansi akuqinisekisi ukuvikelwa kwemishini. Ngokufanayo, ukuthembela kuphela ezivikelweni zokukhuphuka kwemishini esibonakalayo se-utility kungashiya imishini ephezulu ivezwe emandleni ombani.

Ukusetshenziswa okufanele kuncike ekuqondeni umthombo wokwanda kwamandla, izinga lamandla, kanye nenjongo yokuvikela.

Ungayikhetha Kanjani Phakathi Komvikeli Wokukhuphuka kanye Nokuvinjelwa Kokukhuphuka?

Ukukhetha phakathi kwesivikelo sokukhuphuka kanye nesivikelo sokukhuphuka kuncike ku-voltage yesistimu, izinga lokuchayeka ekukhuphukeni, kanye nokuzwela kwemishini evikelwe.

Ukukhetha Ngokusekelwe Ezingeni Lesistimu

Indlela elula yokukhetha:

• Sebenzisa i-surge arrester lapho kuvikelwa imishini enamandla aphezulu ekukhanyeni nasekushintsheni kwamandla

• Sebenzisa isivikelo sokukhuphuka (i-SPD) lapho kuvikelwa imishini enamandla aphansi ekukhuphukeni kwamandla kagesi okudlulayo

Ezindaweni eziningi, womabili amadivayisi ayadingeka ezingqimbeni ezahlukene zesistimu kagesi.

Ukuxhumana nezinhlobo ze-SPD

Ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo ze-voltage ephansi, ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele lwe-SPD kubalulekile:

• Uhlobo 1 lwe-SPD: Ifakwe emnyango wesevisi, iphatha umbane ongaphelele

• Uhlobo 2 lwe-SPD: Kufakwe kumaphaneli okusabalalisa, kunciphisa i-voltage eseleyo

• Uhlobo 3 lwe-SPD: Kufakwe eduze kwemithwalo ebucayi

Le ndlela ehlanganisiwe iqinisekisa ukuthi ukuvikelwa kokuqhuma kwendlu yonke kanye nokuthembeka kohlelo lwezimboni.

Izinto Ezicatshangelwayo Zobunjiniyela Nokuthengwa Kwempahla

Lapho bekhetha phakathi kwezixazululo, onjiniyela kufanele bahlole:

• I-voltage yokusebenza eqhubekayo ephezulu (i-MCOV)

• Isilinganiso samanje sokukhishwa okujwayelekile kanye nesilinganiso samanje sokushukuma

• Izinga lokuvikela i-voltage (Phezulu)

• Izimo zokumisa kanye nokubopha

• Indawo yokufaka

Ezinhlelweni eziyinkimbinkimbi noma ezakhiweni ze-AC/DC ezixubile, onjiniyela abaningi baqinisekisa ukukhetha kwabo ngokusebenzisa ukubonisana kobuchwepheshe ukugwema ukusetshenziswa kabi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi imigomo iyalandelwa.

Isiphetho

Isivikelo sokukhuphuka vs isivikelo sokukhuphuka kuyisinqumo sezinga lesistimu, hhayi ukuqhathanisa umkhiqizo. Ngokuqonda ukuthi idivayisi ngayinye isebenza kanjani nokuthi kufanele ibe kuphi, onjiniyela bangaklama izinhlelo zokuvikela ukukhuphuka ezihlanganisiwe ezivikela ngempumelelo ingqalasizinda kanye nemishini ebucayi.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Uyini umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwesivikelo sokukhuphuka kanye nesivikelo sokukhuphuka?

Isivikelo sokukhuphuka sikhawulela ama-overvoltage esikhashana ezinhlelweni zama-voltage aphansi, kuyilapho isivikelo sokukhuphuka sivikela imishini yama-voltage aphezulu ekukhanyeni nasekukhuphukeni kokushintsha.

Ingabe izivikeli zokukhuphuka kanye nama-SPD ziyafana?

Yebo. Isivikelo sokukhuphuka sivame ukubizwa ngokuthi idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka (i-SPD) ezindinganisweni kanye namadokhumenti obunjiniyela.

Ingabe isivikelo sokukhuphuka kwengcindezi singathatha indawo yesivikelo sokukhuphuka kwengcindezi?

Cha. Izinto zokuvimba ukukhuphuka kwegesi aziklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kwe-voltage ephansi edingekayo emishinini kagesi ebucayi.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-SPD ezisetshenziswa ekwakheni ukuvikelwa kokukhuphuka?

Ama-SPD ohlobo 1, uhlobo 2, kanye nohlobo 3 asetshenziswa ngendlela ehlelekile yokuvikela ukukhuphuka kwendlu yonke kanye nesikhungo ngempumelelo.

Ingabe izinhlelo ze-AC ne-DC zidinga amadivayisi ahlukene okuvikela ukukhuphuka?

Yebo. Izinhlelo ze-AC ne-DC zibhekana nokuziphatha okuhlukile kokukhuphuka futhi zidinga amadivayisi alinganiswe ngqo ngohlobo ngalunye lwesistimu.