Yiziphi izinhlobo zamadivayisi okuvikela okwandayo atholakalayo?

Ama-voltage transients awanakugwenywa ezinhlelweni zamandla ezimboni, kodwa isu lokuvikela elingalungile livame ukushiya imishini ebalulekile iveziwe. Ngivame ukubona ukwehluleka kulandelwa ukukhethwa okungalungile kokuvikela ukukhuphuka.

Amadivayisi okuvikela akhuphukayo zenzelwe ukunciphisa i-overvoltage yesikhashana ngokuphambukisa amandla okukhuphuka kwegesi kude nemishini ebucayi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zikagesi zihlala zizinzile futhi zisebenza.

Kulesi sihloko, ngizochaza ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zamadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka zisebenza kanjani, ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezifanelana nezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni, nokuthi onjiniyela kufanele bakhethe kanjani ikhambi elifanele ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zesistimu.

Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Zedivayisi Evikelayo Yokukhuphuka Zisebenza Kanjani?

Akuwona wonke ama-surge aziphatha ngendlela efanayo, futhi namadivayisi okuvikela awasebenzi ngendlela efanayo. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamadivayisi okuvikela ama-surge zisebenza ngokuphendula amazinga athile amandla okukhuphuka, ama-waveform, kanye nezikhundla zokufaka ngaphakathi kohlelo lwamandla.

Ukuqondisisa umsebenzi wedivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka, kubalulekile ukuqala ngendlela okwenziwa ngayo ukukhuphuka kwamandla kagesi. Ukushaywa kombani, ukushintsha kwamandla kagesi, kanye nezinguquko zomthwalo wangaphakathi konke kungadala ukukhuphuka kwamandla kagesi okudlulayo. Amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka kwamandla kagesi (ama-SPD) ahlala eqapha amandla kagesi esistimu futhi ahlale engenzi lutho kuze kube yilapho amandla kagesi edlula umkhawulo ochaziwe.

Uma kwenzeka ukuqhuma okukhulu, i-SPD ishintsha ngokushesha isuka esimweni sokuvimbela okuphezulu iye endleleni yokuvimbela okuphansi, idlulisela amandla amaningi emhlabathini ngokuphephile. Le nqubo yenzeka ngaphakathi kwamasekhondi amancane, ivimbela ukuqhuma okukhulu ekufinyeleleni imishini exhunyiwe. Uma ukuqhuma sekunyamalele, idivayisi iqala kabusha ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Okuhlukile izinhlobo zamadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka zenzelwe ukusingatha ubukhulu obuhlukahlukene bokukhuphuka. Amadivayisi anamandla aphezulu agxila emandleni okukhipha amandla kagesi, kuyilapho amadivayisi angaphansi komfula ebeka phambili ukunemba kokubopha i-voltage. Lo mqondo wokuvikela ohlanganisiwe uyisisekelo ekwakhiweni kukagesi kwezimboni futhi ubhekiselwa ezindinganisweni ze-IEC kanye ne-UL.

Izimiso Eziyinhloko Zokusebenza Kwamadivayisi Avikelayo Okwandayo

• Ukuqapha i-voltage okuqhubekayo

• Impendulo esheshayo ku-overvoltage

• Ukuphambukisa amandla ohlelweni lokufaka umhlabathi

• Ukusetha kabusha ngokuzenzakalelayo ngemva komcimbi wokuqhuma

Lokhu kuchaza Asebenza kanjani amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka kwe-SPD kuzo zombili izinhlelo ze-AC kanye ne-DC.

Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Ngaphakathi kwama-SPD

• Ama-Metal Oxide Varistors (ama-MOV)

• Amapayipi Okukhipha Igesi (GDTs)

• Izindlela zokuxhumanisa ukushisa

• Izinkomba zesimo

Ingxenye ngayinye inegalelo ekucindezelweni okuthembekile kokuqhuma.

Kungani Uhlobo Lwedivayisi Luthinta Ukusebenza

• Ukwanda kwamandla aphezulu kudinga izindlela eziqinile zokukhipha

• Imithwalo ebucayi idinga i-voltage ephansi esele

• Ukukhetha uhlobo olungalungile kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokuvikela

• Ukuhlanganisa kuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kohlelo lonke

Yiziphi Izinhlobo Zedivayisi Evikelayo Ezihambisana Nezicelo Zezimboni?

Izindawo zezimboni zidinga okungaphezu kokuvikelwa okuyisisekelo. Uhlobo olufanele lwedivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka luncike ekwakhiweni kwamandla, ingozi yokuchayeka, kanye nokuzwela kwemishini.

Izikhungo zezimboni zithola kokubili ukukhuphuka kwangaphandle nangaphakathi. Ukukhuphuka kwangaphandle kuvame ukungena ngokuxhumeka kwezinsizakusebenza, kuyilapho ukukhuphuka kwangaphakathi kubangelwa ama-motor, ama-variable frequency drive, kanye nokusebenza kokushintsha. Lokhu kwenza ukuvikelwa kwezingqimba eziningi kubaluleke kakhulu.

Endaweni yokungena ohlelweni, kudingeka ama-SPD anomthamo ophezulu ukuze aphathe imisinga emikhulu yokuqhuma. Amadivayisi aqonde kakhulu, aphansi, anciphisa i-voltage eseleyo ukuze avikele imishini yokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela, ama-PLC, kanye nokulawula ama-elekthronikhi. Ukukhetha okulungile izinhlobo zamadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka kuqinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho, ukuthembeka, kanye nokuvikelwa kwempahla kwesikhathi eside.

Ezinhlelweni zezimboni ezisebenzisa i-AC, onjiniyela bavame ukusebenzisa ukuvikelwa okuhlelekile besebenzisa izixazululo ezizinikele zamaphaneli okusabalalisa kanye namasekethe okulawula. Ezindaweni ze-DC ezifana ne-solar PV, isitoreji sebhethri, kanye nengqalasizinda ye-EV, ukuziphatha kokukhuphuka kwegesi kuhluka kakhulu futhi kudinga amadivayisi akhelwe injongo ethile.

Izinhlelo Zokusebenza Zesistimu Yamandla E-AC

Izinhlelo ze-AC zezimboni ziyazuza ekuvikelweni okwenzelwe izici zegridi kanye namaphrofayili omthwalo. Izixazululo ezinikezelwe ezenzelwe Ukuvikelwa kokuqhuma kwe-AC zivame ukufakwa ku:

• Amabhodi okushintshana amakhulu

• Amaphaneli okusabalalisa angaphansi

• Izikhungo zokulawula izimoto

• Amakhabhinethi e-automation ezimboni

Lawa madivayisi agxile ekuphatheni ukusetshenziswa kanye nokushintshashintsha kokushintsha.

Izicelo Zesistimu Yamandla e-DC

Izinhlelo ze-DC zithola amandla kagesi aqhubekayo kanye namaphethini ahlukile esikhashana. Ukuvikelwa kokuqhuma kwe-DC kubalulekile ku:

• Ama-PV arrays elanga

• Izinhlelo zokugcina amandla ebhethri

• Iziteshi zokushaja ze-EV

• Izimpahla zikagesi ze-Telecom

Ukusebenzisa ama-SPD anesilinganiso se-AC ezinhlelweni ze-DC kuyiphutha elivamile nelibizayo.

Ithebula Lokuqhathanisa Isicelo Sezimboni

Ungakhetha Kanjani Phakathi Kohlobo Oluhlukile Lwedivayisi Evikelayo Yokukhuphuka?

Ukukhetha phakathi kwezinhlobo zamadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka kudinga ukuhlaziywa kwezinga lesistimu, hhayi ukuqhathaniswa komkhiqizo kuphela.

Ngincoma ukuqala inqubo yokukhetha ngokumaka uhlelo lukagesi. Thola imithombo yamandla engenayo, ikhwalithi yokusekela phansi, kanye nemithwalo ebalulekile. Kusukela lapho, hlola ingozi yokuchayeka ekukhuphukeni kanye namazinga amukelekayo e-voltage asele.

Onjiniyela kufanele bacabangele i-voltage ejwayelekile, izilinganiso zamandla okukhipha, kanye nezinga lokuvikelwa kwamandla okukhipha (Phezulu). Kodwa-ke, la mapharamitha kumele ahlolwe ndawonye. Idivayisi enesilinganiso samandla aphezulu kodwa ukusebenza kahle kokubambelela kungase kuvumele amandla okukhipha amandla okuphazamisa ukuthi adlule.

Esinye isici esivame ukunganakwa ubuchwepheshe bomkhiqizi. Ukusebenza nomuntu onolwazi umenzi wedivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okufanele, ukuhambisana nezindinganiso, kanye nokuthembeka kwesikhathi eside. Ekufakweni okuyinkimbinkimbi noma okuyingozi kakhulu, ingxoxo yobuchwepheshe yesigaba sokuqala ivimbela ukusetshenziswa kabi kanye nokwakhiwa kabusha okubizayo. Onjiniyela abaningi bakhetha ukuqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwesistimu ngokusebenzisa ukubonisana okuqondile kwezobuchwepheshe ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuklama.

Izindlela Zokukhetha Ezibalulekile

• I-voltage yesistimu kanye nemvamisa

• Izinga lokuchayeka ekukhuphukeni

• Ukuzwela kwemishini

• Ukumelana nokuma komhlabathi

• Indawo yokufaka

Amaphutha Obunjiniyela Avamile

• Ukukhetha ama-SPD ngokwesilinganiso samanje kuphela

• Ukunganaki umehluko we-DC vs AC

• Ukuxhumana okungekuhle kwesisekelo

• Ukufaka ama-SPD kude kakhulu nemithwalo

I-Logic Yokukhetha Enconyiwe

• Ukuvezwa okuphezulu kwangaphandle → I-SPD enamandla aphezulu

• Ama-elekthronikhi abucayi → Inani eliphansi

• Izinhlelo ezixubile → Ukuvikelwa okuhlanganisiwe

• Isikhathi sokuphumula sezimboni sibalulekile → Izendlalelo ezingafuneki

Isiphetho

Kukhethwe kahle amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka bakha ungqimba olubalulekile lokuzivikela ezinhlelweni zamandla ezimboni, bavikele imishini, baqinisekise ukuthobela imithetho, futhi balondoloze ukuqhubeka kokusebenza.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Zisetshenziselwani izinto zokuvikela ukukhuphuka?

Zivikela izinhlelo zikagesi kanye nemishini ngokuphambukisa i-overvoltage yesikhashana kude nezingxenye ezibucayi.

Amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka kwe-SPD asebenza kanjani?

Ama-SPD athola ukuphakama kwamandla kagesi futhi aqondise amandla amaningi emhlabathini ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke umonakalo.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka kwesistimu ye-AC ne-DC?

Yebo. Izinhlelo ze-AC ne-DC zidinga amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ngenxa yezici ezahlukene zikagesi.

Kungani ubuchwepheshe bomkhiqizi bubalulekile lapho ukhetha ama-SPD?

Abakhiqizi abanolwazi baqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okufanele, ukuthobela imithetho, kanye nokusebenza okuthembekile kwesikhathi eside.