Kungani Ukuvikelwa Kokukhuphuka Kubalulekile Ezinhlelweni Ze-PV Zelanga?

Uma onjiniyela bexoxa indlela yokuklama uhlelo lwe-PV yelanga ukwakheka kwezakhiwo, ukugxila kuvame ukubekwa ebukhulu besistimu ye-PV yelanga, ukukhethwa kwe-inverter, kanye nokucushwa kwebhethri. Kodwa-ke, isici esisodwa esibalulekile esithinta ngqo ukuthembeka kwesistimu ukuvikelwa kokukhuphuka.

Ama-transients abangelwa umbani kanye nama-overvoltage okushintshana kuphakathi kwezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokwehluleka kwe-inverter, umonakalo we-MPPT, kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lokulawula. Ngaphandle kokuvikelwa kokukhuphuka kohlelo lwe-PV oluklanywe kahle, ngisho nohlelo lwe-PV lwelanga oluklanywe kahle lungabhekana nokungasebenzi okungalindelekile kanye nokulungiswa okubizayo.

Kwesimanje umklamo wesistimu ye-PV yelanga, ukuvikelwa kokukhuphuka kwamandla akuyona into ongayikhetha—kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphepha kukagesi kanye nokusebenza kwesikhathi eside.

Ama-Solar PV SPD Avikela Kanjani Emoyeni Ongaphezu Kwesikhashana?

Okukhethiwe kahle i-PV SPD yelanga (idivayisi yokuvikela ukuqhuma kwelanga) ikhawulela ukuqhuma kwe-overvoltage yesikhashana ngokuphambukisa amandla okuqhuma emhlabathini ngokuphephile ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele ezingxenyeni ezibucayi.

Imithombo Yokusebenzisa Amandla Angaphezulu Kwe-Voltage Ezinhlelweni Ze-PV Zelanga

1. Ukushaya kombani okuqondile noma okuseduze

2. Ukwanda okukhulu kwezintambo ze-DC eziqhutshwa isikhathi eside

3. Ukushintsha ukuphakama okuvela ekuphazamisekeni kwegridi

4. Ukushintsha kwangaphakathi kwama-inverter kanye nemithwalo emikhulu

Kokubili uhlelo lwe-PV lwelanga oluboshwe ngegridi futhi uhlelo lwe-PV yelanga olungaphandle kwegridi Ukucushwa kusengozini yalezi ziphazamiso. Izakhiwo zesistimu ye-hybrid solar PV zibhekene nokuchayeka okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngenxa yokusebenzisana kwebhethri negridi.

Indlela Yokuvikela Kumasekethe e-DC kanye ne-AC

Izinhlelo ze-solar PV ziqukethe izingxenye ze-DC kanye ne-AC:

• Uhlangothi lwe-DC: Phakathi kwamaphaneli elanga kanye ne-inverter

• Uhlangothi lwe-AC: Phakathi kwe-inverter nebhodi lokusabalalisa

Ngasohlangothini lwe-DC, izintambo ze-voltage ephezulu—ikakhulukazi kuma-array amakhulu ezentengiselwano—zidinga ukuvikelwa okukhethekile njengokulinganiswa okufanele idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka kwelanga yakhelwe amasekethe okufaka e-PV. Ezisetshenzisweni ze-voltage ephezulu, ama-DC SPD kumele afane ne-voltage yesistimu kanye nesigaba sokufaka.

Izinga lobungcweti Ukuvikelwa kokuqhuma kwe-DC Izixazululo zenzelwe ngqo izindawo ze-photovoltaic ezinama-voltage aphezulu avulekile kanye namazinga wamanje ashintshashintshayo.

Ngasohlangothini lwe-AC, kufakwe isivikelo sokukhuphuka komoya kuphaneli yokukhipha ye-inverter kanye nephaneli yokusabalalisa eyinhloko ukuvikela ukuphazamiseka okuhlobene negridi.

Kufanele Kufakwe Kuphi Amadivayisi Okuvikela Ukuqhuma Kwelanga?

Indawo efanele yokufaka ibalulekile ku ukwakheka kwesistimu ye-PV yelanga ukuhlela.

1. Ku-PV Array (DC Side Protection)

Ngezinhlelo ezinezintambo ezinde noma ama-array ophahleni avele obala:

• Faka i-SPD eduze kwebhokisi lokuhlanganisa

• Noma hlanganisa i-SPD ngaphakathi kwesigaba sokufaka se-inverter DC

Lokhu kuvikela ama-DC terminals e-inverter ekukhuphukeni okubangelwayo.

2. Ku-Inverter AC Output

Phakathi ku uhlelo lwe-PV lwelanga oluboshwe ngegridi, ama-SPD ngokuvamile afakwa:

• Kuma-terminal okukhipha i-AC e-inverter

• Ebhodini elikhulu lokusabalalisa i-AC

Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukulinganiselwa kokuphakama kwendlela ephelele.

3. Ezinhlelweni Zokugcina Amabhethri (I-Hybrid / I-Off-Grid)

Ku- uhlelo lwe-PV yelanga oluhlanganisiwe futhi uhlelo lwe-PV yelanga olungaphandle kwegridi imiklamo:

• Faka ama-SPD ebhasini le-DC lebhethri

• Vikela okokufaka/okukhiphayo kwesilawuli sokushaja se-MPPT

• Qinisekisa ukubopha okufanele ohlelweni lokusekela phansi

Izinhlelo zebhethri zandisa ukuzwela kwesistimu ngoba amandla kagesi asebenza njalo ngaphansi komthwalo.

Ungahlanganisa Kanjani Ukuvikelwa Kokukhuphuka Komklamo Wesistimu Ye-PV Yelanga?

Uma uhlola indlela yokuklama uhlelo lwe-PV yelanga kahle, ukuvikelwa kokukhuphuka kwentaba kumele kuhlelwe ngesikhathi sokuqala kokuklama—hhayi ukungezwa kamuva.

Isinyathelo 1: Cabanga Ngokuvikelwa Kokukhuphuka Ngesikhathi Sokulinganisa Isistimu Ye-PV Yelanga

Ngesikhathi usayizi wesistimu ye-PV yelanga, onjiniyela babala:

• Ukubalwa kosayizi wephaneli yelanga

• Usayizi we-inverter yelanga

• Usayizi webhange lebhethri lelanga

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amazinga e-voltage yesistimu kumele achazwe. Ukukhetha kwe-SPD kuncike ngqo ku:

• I-voltage ephezulu ye-open-circuit (Voc)

• I-voltage ejwayelekile ye-AC

• Uhlobo lwesistimu yokwakheka komhlaba

Ukungakunaki lokhu esigabeni sokulinganisa kuvame ukuholela ekulinganisweni kwe-SPD okungalingani.

Isinyathelo 2: Hlanganisa ama-SPD ku-Solar PV Balance of System (BOS)

Amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka ayingxenye ibhalansi ye-PV yelanga yesistimu ye-BOS, okuhlanganisa:

• Amabhokisi okuhlanganisa

• Ukunqanyulwa kwe-DC

• Ama-AC breaker

• Isilawuli sokushaja se-MPPT

• Izinhlelo zokuqapha

Ama-SPD kufanele ahlanganiswe nama-breaker futhi akhiphe amadivayisi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhethiwe.

Izixazululo zokuvikela ukukhuphuka kwesistimu ye-PV ezinokwethenjelwa kufanele zihambisane nezidingo zokuvikela ukushisa kwe-photovoltaic kanye nezimo zokuchayeka emvelweni.

Ungahlola ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile bokuvikela i-photovoltaic ezingeni lomkhiqizi ngokusebenzisa I-Leikexing ukuqonda kangcono amasu okuhlanganisa.

Ukuze uthole isiqondiso sokusetshenziswa ohlangothini lwe-DC, izinkomba zobuchwepheshe ziyatholakala ku- Ukuvikelwa kokuqhuma kwe-DC izinsizakusebenza.

Isinyathelo 3: Ukulungiswa Kokumisa Isisekelo Nokwakheka Kwekhebula

Ukuvikelwa kokuqhuma okusebenzayo kudinga:

• Isisekelo se-Impedance ephansi

• Ama-lead amafushane okuxhumanisa i-SPD

• Ukubopha okufanele phakathi kohlaka lwe-PV kanye nohlelo lokusekela phansi

• Ukugwema izihibe zekhebula ekwakhiweni kwesistimu ye-solar PV

Ukwakheka kwesakhiwo okungalungile kunganciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwe-SPD, noma ngabe isilinganiso sedivayisi silungile.

Isiphetho

Ukuqonda indlela yokuklama uhlelo lwe-PV yelanga ingqalasizinda idlula ukukhethwa kwemodyuli kanye nomthamo we-inverter. Uhlelo oluqinile kumele lufake ukuvikelwa kokukhuphuka kohlelo lwe-PV oluhlelekile kuzo zonke izifunda ze-DC neze-AC.

Ngokuhlanganisa amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka kwelanga ezingxenyeni zesistimu ye-PV yelanga kusukela ekuqaleni—ngesikhathi sokulinganisa nokuhlelwa kwesistimu ye-PV yelanga—onjiniyela bangathuthukisa kakhulu ukuzinza kwesistimu, ukuphepha, kanye nokuthembeka kokusebenza kwesikhathi eside.

Ukuze uthole ukubonisana ngobuchwepheshe mayelana nokuhlanganisa ukuvikelwa kokukhuphuka kwegesi ekwakhiweni kwe-photovoltaic okuyinkimbinkimbi, ukwesekwa kobunjiniyela obuqondile kungacelwa ngesikhulu ikhasi lokuxhumana.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa)

Kungani ukuvikelwa kokukhuphuka kwegesi kubalulekile ekwakhiweni kwesistimu ye-solar PV?

Ukuvikelwa kokuqhuma kuvimbela ukudlula kwamandla kagesi okwesikhashana ekulimazeni ama-inverter, abalawuli bokushaja be-MPPT, izinhlelo zebhethri, kanye nokuqapha izinto zikagesi, okuqinisekisa ukuzinza kokusebenza kwesikhathi eside.

Ingabe zonke izinhlelo ze-PV zelanga zidinga i-PV SPD yelanga?

Yebo. Kokubili ukucushwa kwesistimu ye-solar PV exhunywe kugridi kanye nengaphandle kwegridi kufanele kufake ama-SPD alinganiswe kahle ezinhlangothini ze-DC kanye ne-AC ukuze kuvikelwe ekukhanyeni nasekushintsheni kwamandla.

Ngingayikhetha kanjani idivayisi efanele yokuvikela ukukhuphuka kwelanga?

Ukukhetha kuncike ku-voltage yesistimu, uhlobo lwe-inverter, ukucushwa kwesisekelo, kanye ne-voltage ephezulu ye-open-circuit enqunywa ngesikhathi sokulinganisa uhlelo lwe-solar PV.

Kufanele kufakwe kuphi ama-SPD ohlelweni lwe-PV yelanga oluhlanganisiwe?

Ezinhlelweni ze-hybrid, ama-SPD kufanele afakwe ohlangothini lwe-PV array DC, i-inverter AC output, kanye ne-DC bus yokugcina ibhethri ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kwendlela ephelele.

Ingabe ukuvikelwa kokukhuphuka kuyingxenye yebhalansi yesistimu ye-PV yelanga (i-BOS)?

Yebo. Amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka ahlukaniswa njengengxenye yebhalansi ye-solar PV yesistimu ye-BOS, kanye nezixhumi, izintambo, kanye nemishini yokuhlanganisa.