Umsebenzi Obambisene Wabavikeli Bokukhuphuka, Ama-Circuit Breaker kanye nama-Fuse Ezinhlelweni ze-Photovoltaic: Ukuhlaziywa Kokusebenza kanye Nengxoxo Yesidingo
Isingeniso
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemboni ye-photovoltaic yomhlaba wonke, ukuphepha nokuzinza kwezinhlelo zokukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga sekuyinto ebalulekile embonini. Izinhlelo ze-photovoltaic zivezwa ngaphandle isikhathi eside futhi zisengozini yezinsongo ezifana nokushaywa kombani, ukushintshashintsha kwegridi yamandla, kanye nokwehluleka kwemishini, okungase kubangele umonakalo wemishini noma ngisho nomlilo. Abavikeli bokukhuphuka (ama-SPD), ama-circuit breaker, nama-fuse ngamadivayisi okuvikela abalulekile enza imisebenzi yawo futhi abambisane ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile kwesistimu. Lesi sihloko sizohlaziya ngokujulile imisebenzi yabo, izindlela zokuxhumanisa, kanye nesidingo sokuhlinzeka ngezinkomba kubasebenzisi bemboni.
I. "Umbulali Ongabonakali" Obhekene Nezinhlelo Ze-Photovoltaic
Iziteshi zikagesi ze-photovoltaic zifana "namaqhawe ensimbi" asebenza emoyeni ovulekile, ahlala ebekezelela izivivinyo eziningi ezinzima.
1.1 Izinkinga zokushaywa umbani:
Ikakhulukazi, eMpumalanga Ephakathi naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, isizini eyodwa yokuduma kwezulu ingakhubaza izinhlelo ezingenazo izivikelo.
1.2 Ukuguquguquka kwegridi yamandla:
Kuphrojekthi yaseChile engangiyiphethe, imishini eminingana yasha ngenxa yokwanda okungazelelwe kwamandla kagesi egridi.
1.3 Ingozi ye-short-circuit:
Ngonyaka odlule, iphrojekthi eJalimane ibhekane nomjikelezo omfushane ngenxa yezintambo ezindala, okwacishe kwabangela umlilo.
Lezi zingozi azilona ihaba. Ngokusho kwe-International Photovoltaic Safety Alliance, ukwehluleka kwesistimu ye-photovoltaic okungaphezu kuka-60% kungenxa yokuvikelwa okunganele kukagesi.
II. Imisebenzi Eyinhloko Yamadivayisi Avikelayo Ekukhuphukeni (i-SPD)
2.1 Isimiso Sokusebenza
I-SPD idlulisela i-transient overvoltage emhlabathini ngokusebenzisa ama-varistor e-metal oxide (MOV) noma amashubhu okukhipha igesi (GDT), inciphisa i-voltage ngaphakathi kwebanga eliphephile. Ezinhlelweni ze-photovoltaic, ama-SPD avame ukufakwa ezindaweni ezilandelayo:
Uhlangothi lwe-DC (phakathi kwamamojula kanye ne-inverter): Ukuvikela ekukhuphukeni okubangelwa umbani.
Uhlangothi lwe-AC (phakathi kwe-inverter negridi): Ukucindezela i-overvoltage ohlangothini lwegridi.
2.2 Amapharamitha Ayisihluthulelo
I-voltage yokusebenza eqhubekayo ephezulu (Uc): Kumelwe ifane nezinga le-voltage lesistimu ye-photovoltaic (njenge-1000V DC noma i-1500V DC).
Ugesi okhipha ugesi (In/Iimp): Ubonisa ikhono lokukhipha ugesi okhipha ugesi, kanti izinhlelo ze-photovoltaic ngokuvamile zidinga i-20kA noma ngaphezulu.
Izinga lokuvikela i-voltage (Phezulu): Linquma usayizi we-voltage esele futhi kumele libe ngaphansi kwe-voltage yokumelana yemishini evikelwe.
2.3 Isidingo
Vimbela imishini ebizayo njenge-inverters namabhokisi okuhlanganisa ukuthi ingonakaliswa yizikhukhula.
Landela izindinganiso zomhlaba wonke (njenge-IEC 6164331, UL 1449) kanye nezimfuneko zokwamukelwa kweziteshi zamandla ze-photovoltaic.
Ⅲ. Umsebenzi kanye nokukhethwa kwama-circuit breakers nama-fuse
3.1 I-Circuit Breaker
Umsebenzi:
•Ukuvikelwa Kokulayisha Okungaphezu Komthwalo: Uma ugesi udlula inani elibekiwe (njengokuphindwe ka-1.3 ugesi olinganiselwe), indlela yokushintshashintsha kokushisa iyasebenza.
•Ukuvikelwa Kwesekethe Emfushane: Indlela yokuhamba nge-electromagnetic inqamula ugesi wesekethe emfushane (njenge-10kA) ngaphakathi kwama-millisecond.
• Izici Zokusebenza ze-Photovoltaic:
Kudingeka kukhethwe i-DC circuit breaker (njenge-DC 1000V/1500V).
Umthamo wokuphuka kufanele uhambisane nomshini wesistimu we-short-circuit (ngokuvamile ≥ 15kA).
3.2 I-Fuse
Umsebenzi:
Ngokuncibilikisa i-fuse element, ingahlukanisa ngokushesha isekethe enephutha futhi ivikele igatsha elixhunywe ochungechungeni.
Izinzuzo:
Isivinini sokunqamula sishesha kakhulu (ezingeni le-microsecond), sifanele izimo zamanje ezifushane kakhulu.
Incane ngobukhulu futhi ifaneleka emabhokisini athwala ugesi anesikhala esincane.
3.3 Ukusebenzisana ne-SPD
I-SPD inesibopho sokuvikela i-voltage, kuyilapho ama-circuit breaker/ama-fuse protectors enesibopho sokuvikela i-current.
Uma i-SPD yehluleka ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokuqhuma, ama-circuit breaker noma ama-fuse protectors anganqamula ngokushesha i-circuit enephutha ukuvimbela umlilo.
Ⅳ. Ucwaningo lwendlela yokuvikela enamazinga amaningi
Thatha isiteshi sikagesi se-photovoltaic esingu-1MW njengesibonelo:
4.1 Ukuvikelwa ohlangothini lwe-DC
Amagatsha ochungechunge lwezingxenye: Faka ama-fuse (njengohlobo lwe-10A gPV) ochungechungeni ngalunye.
Ukungena kwebhokisi lokuhlanganisa: Faka i-Type II SPD (Up ≤ 1.5kV) kanye ne-DC circuit breaker (63A).
4.2 Ukuvikelwa ohlangothini lwe-AC
Isiphetho sokukhipha se-inverter: Lungiselela Uhlobo 1+2 SPD (Iimp ≥ 12.5kA) kanye ne-molded case circuit breaker (250A).
4.3 Ukulingisa isimo sephutha
Uma kwenzeka umbani: I-SPD ikhipha amandla okushisa aphezulu bese ibamba i-voltage engaphansi kuka-2kV; uma i-SPD yehluleka ngenxa ye-short circuit, i-circuit breaker iyawa.
Uma kukhona i-line short circuit: I-fuse iyancibilika ngaphakathi kwama-5ms ukuvimbela ukusabalala komphumela we-thermal spot.
Ⅴ. Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokukhetha nokufaka
5.1 Ukukhethwa kwe-SPD
Ngasohlangothini lwe-DC, kufanele kukhethwe i-SPD ethize ye-photovoltaic (njenge-PVSPD) ukuze kugwenywe inkinga yamanje engemuva ye-AC SPD evamile.
Kufanele kucatshangelwe umkhawulo wokushisa (i-Uc idinga ukushiya umkhawulo ezindaweni ezinokushisa okuphezulu).
5.2 I-Circuit Breaker/Ukufanisa i-Fuse
Umthamo wokuphuka kufanele ube phezulu kunomkhawulo ophezulu we-short-circuit wesistimu (njengoba umkhawulo wephutha wentambo ungafinyelela ku-1.5kA).
Umthamo wamanje we-fuse kufanele ube ngaphezu kuka-1.56 wamanje we-component short-circuit (Isc) (ngokuvumelana ne-NEC 690.8).
5.3 Iziphakamiso Zokuhlanganiswa Kwesistimu
Ubude bentambo phakathi kwe-SPD kanye ne-circuit breaker kufanele bube ngu-≤ 0.5m ukuze kuncishiswe i-residual voltage.
Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwezinkomba zesimo se-SPD kufanele kwenziwe, futhi amamojula ahlulekile kufanele ashintshwe ngesikhathi.
Ⅵ. Izitayela Zemboni kanye Nokubuyekezwa Okujwayelekile
•Isidingo sama-voltage aphezulu: Njengoba sekusetshenziswa kabanzi izinhlelo ze-photovoltaic ze-1500V, amazinga e-voltage amelana nama-SPD nama-circuit breaker adinga ukuthuthukiswa ngokuvumelanayo.
•Ukuqapha okuhlakaniphile: Ama-SPD ahlakaniphile ahlanganisa izinzwa zokushisa kanye nemisebenzi yokuxhumana engenantambo asetshenziswa kancane kancane ukuze kufezwe isexwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi sokusebenza kwephutha elikude.
•Ukuqinisa okujwayelekile: Inguqulo entsha ye-IEC 625482023 ibeke izidingo eziqinile zokuxhumanisa kumadivayisi okuvikela izinhlelo ze-photovoltaic.
Isiphetho
Ezinhlelweni ze-photovoltaic, izivikeli ze-surge, ama-circuit breaker kanye nama-fuse akha uhlelo oluphelele lokuvikela ngokubambisana "lwamandla kagesi". Ukukhetha nokulungisa kahle lezi zingxenye akugcini nje ngokwandisa impilo yesevisi yemishini nokunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza nokugcinwa, kodwa futhi kuyimibandela ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile kweziteshi zamandla kagesi. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, ukuhlanganiswa kanye nobuhlakani balezi zixhobo zokuvikela kuzothuthukisa kakhulu ukuthembeka kwezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic esikhathini esizayo.