Izindlela Ezinhlanu Zokuvikela Abavikeli Bokukhuphuka

Izindlela Zokuvikela Ukwanda Kwegazi

1. Amadivayisi Okuvikela Ahambayo (ama-SPD) Axhunywe Kuzo Zonke Izintambo Zikagesi

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ama-varistor angaphakathi kwesivikelo sokukhuphuka ahlala esimweni sokungavimbeli okuphezulu. Lapho igridi yamandla ishaywa umbani noma ihlangabezana nokukhuphuka kwesikhashana ngenxa yokusebenza kokushintsha, isivikelo siphendula ngaphakathi kwamasekhondi amancane, okubangela ukuthi ama-varistor ashintshele esimweni sokungavimbeli okuphansi, abambe ngokushesha i-overvoltage ibe sezingeni eliphephile. Uma kwenzeka ukukhuphuka noma ukukhuphuka kwe-overvoltage isikhathi eside, i-varistor iyawohloka futhi ishise, okubangela indlela yokuxhuma ukushisa ukuvimbela imililo nokuvikela imishini.

2. Izivikelo Zokukhuphuka Kohlobo Lwesihlungi Ezixhunywe Kumugqa Nezisekethe Zamandla

Lezi zivikeli zinikeza amandla ahlanzekile naphephile emishini kagesi ebucayi. Ukukhanya kombani akugcini nje ngokuba namandla amakhulu kodwa futhi kunamandla amakhulu kakhulu okushisa kanye namazinga okunyuka kwamanje. Ngenkathi ama-SPD ahambisanayo engacindezela ama-amplitude okukhuphuka, awakwazi ukuthambisa ama-wavefront awo abukhali. Ama-SPD ohlobo lwesihlungi oluwuchungechunge, axhunywe ku-inthanethi namasekethe kagesi, asebenzisa ama-MOV (MOV1, MOV2) ukuvala ama-overvoltage kuma-nanosecond. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isihlungi se-LC sinciphisa ukukhuphuka kwamandla kagesi kanye namazinga okunyuka kwamanje cishe izikhathi eziyi-1,000 futhi sinciphisa amandla okushisa asele ngokuphindwe kahlanu, okuvikela amadivayisi abucayi.

3. Ukufaka ama-Varistors e-Voltage-Clamping Phakathi kweZigaba kanye neMigca ukuze kuncishiswe ama-Surge Overvoltages

Le ndlela isebenza kahle ekukhanyeni, kuma-lifti, kuma-air conditioner, kanye nasezinjinini, ezinamakhono aphezulu okumelana nokukhuphuka. Kodwa-ke, ayisebenzi kahle kuma-electronics aqinile esimanje anokuhlanganiswa okuphezulu. Isibonelo, ezinhlelweni ze-AC ezingama-220V AC zesigaba esisodwa, ama-varistors ngokuvamile afakwa phakathi kwe-neutral kanye nomhlabathi ukuze amunce ama-lightning spikes abangelwayo. Ukusebenza kahle kokuvikela kuncike ngokuphelele ekukhetheni nasekuthembekeni kwe-varistor.

I-voltage yokubopha isethwe ngokusekelwe ku-voltage ephezulu yegridi (310V), ebala okulandelayo:
- Ukuguquguquka kwegridi okungu-20%,
- Ukubekezelelana kwezingxenye okungu-10%,
- Izici zokuthembeka ezingu-15% (ukuguga, umswakama, ukushisa).
Ngakho-ke, amazinga ajwayelekile okubamba aqala ku-470V kuya ku-510V. Ukuphakama okungaphansi kuka-470V kudlula ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

Nakuba imishini kagesi ejwayelekile (isb., ama-motor, ukukhanyisa) ingamelana ne-1,500V AC (2,500V peak), ama-elekthronikhi anamuhla asebenza ku-±5V kuya ku-±15V, kanye nokubekezelela okuphezulu okungaphansi kuka-50V. Ama-spikes aphezulu angaphansi kuka-470V asengahlangana nama-parasitic capacitance kuma-transformer kanye nezinsiza zamandla, okulimaza ama-IC. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa ye-varistor residual voltage kanye ne-lead inductance, ama-surge anamandla angacindezela amazinga okubopha abe ngu-800V–1,000V, okusongela kakhulu ama-elekthronikhi.

4. Ukuthuthukisa Ukuvikelwa Ngama-Transformers Ahlukanisayo Nge-Ultra (Indlela Yokuhlukanisa)

I-transformer yokuhlukanisa evikelwe ifakwa phakathi komthombo wamandla nomthwalo ukuze kuvinjwe umsindo wemvamisa ephezulu ngenkathi kuvumela ukumisa kwesibili okufanele. Ukuphazamiseka kwemodi evamile, okuhlobene nomhlabathi, kuhambisana nomthamo wokuhlanganisa ama-winding. Isivikelo esivikelwe phansi phakathi kwama-winding okuqala nawesibili siguqula lokhu kuphazamiseka, sinciphise umsindo wokukhipha.

5. Indlela Yokumunca

Izingxenye ezimuncayo zicindezela ukukhuphuka ngokushintsha kusuka ku-impedance ephezulu kuya kwephansi lapho ama-voltage omkhawulo edlula. Amadivayisi avamile afaka:
- Ama-Varistors – Umthamo omncane wokuphatha ugesi.
- Amapayipi Okukhipha Igesi (GDTs)– Impendulo ecothayo.
- Ama-Diode e-TVS / Amashubhu Okukhipha Igesi Esimweni Esiqinile – Kuyashesha kodwa kunezingqinamba ekumuncweni kwamandla.