Indlela Yokukhetha Ngokufanele Isivikelo Sokukhuphuka (ama-SPD).

Zingaki izigaba ezingahlukaniswa ngazo izivikeli zomshoshaphansi?

Uhlobo 1 (Uhlobo Lokushintsha I-Voltage)

• Umsebenzi:
  Ngokuyinhloko isetshenziselwa ukukhipha imisinga emikhulu (i-waveform engu-10/350μs) evela ekushayweni kombani okuqondile noma okubangelwayo.
  Ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa emnyango omkhulu wokusabalalisa ugesi wezakhiwo (indawo yokushintsha kusuka ku-LPZ0 kuya ku-LPZ1).
• Isimiso Sokusebenza:

Impedance ephezulu esimweni esijwayelekile: 

Uma kungekho ukukhuphuka, i-SPD ihlala isesimweni sokuphazamiseka okuphezulu, ingathinti isekethe.
Impedance ephansi lapho icushwa:

Uma i-voltage yokwanda idlula umkhawulo (isb., 4kV), ipayipi lokukhipha igesi langaphakathi (GDT) noma igebe lenhlansi liyaphuka, kwakha indlela yokuvimbela okuphansi yokukhipha ngokushesha imisinga yamashumi e-kA.
Ukucima okulandelayo kwe-arc: Ngemva kokuba ukukhuphuka kuphelile, i-GDT ibuyela esimweni sokumelana okuphezulu ngokuzivuselela kwayo.

• Izingxenye Eziyinhloko:

Ipayipi Lokukhipha Igesi (GDT):Iqhuba ngokusebenzisa i-ionization yegesi engasebenzi.
Isikhala Senhlansi:Ikhipha amanzi ngokuphuka komoya, ngomthamo oqinile wokuphatha ugesi (ungadlula i-100kA).

Uhlobo 2 (Uhlobo Lokukhawulela Amandla)

• Umsebenzi:

Ivikela ekukhanyeni okubangelwa yi-eye kanye nama-overvoltage ashintshashintshayo (i-waveform engu-8/20μs).

Kusetshenziswa kumaphaneli okusabalalisa.

• Isimiso Sokusebenza:

Isici se-nonlinear impedance: 

Uma i-voltage yokunyuka ikhuphuka, i-internal varistor (MOV) impedance yehla kakhulu, ibambe i-voltage iye ezingeni eliphephile (isb., Up ≤ 1.5kV).

Ukukhishwa okuqhubekayo: 

I-MOV ingakhipha ngokuphindaphindiwe imisinga ephakathi nendawo (20–40kA), kodwa imisinga ephezulu ingase yehlise ukusebenza kwayo.

• Ingxenye Eyinhloko:

I-Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV):Yakhiwe ngezinhlayiya ze-zinc oxide (ZnO), idivayisi ye-semiconductor ezwela amandla kagesi.

Uhlobo 3 (Ukuvikelwa Okuhlanganisiwe noma Okuncane)

• Umsebenzi

Impendulo esheshayo:Isebenzisa ama-diode e-TVS noma izinhlanganisela ze-MOV+TVS ezinesikhathi sokuphendula esingu-≤1ns.

I-voltage yokubopha ephansi kakhulu (isb., Ephezulu ≤ 0.8kV), eqinisekisa ukuphepha kwemishini ebucayi.

Ingxenye eyinhloko:

I-diode ye-Transient Voltage Suppression (TVS):Isebenzisa umphumela we-avalanche we-PN junction ukuze iphendule ngokushesha okukhulu kodwa inomthamo olinganiselwe wokuphatha ugesi (

Ukukhetha idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka efanele (i-SPD) kubalulekile. Ungayikhetha kanjani eyodwa ezimweni ezahlukene?

1.Chaza Izidingo Zokuvikela

1.1 Thola Imithombo Yokwanda

Ukushaya kombani okuqondile (isb., ukushaya kwesakhiwo):  Kudinga uhlobo 1 lwe-SPD (ifomu lamagagasi angu-10/350μs).

Umbani obangelwayo noma ama-overvoltage okushintsha (isb., ukushintshashintsha kwegridi, ukuqalisa/ukuvala imishini): Kudinga uhlobo 2 noma uhlobo 3 lwe-SPD (ifomu lamagagasi angu-8/20μs).

1.2 Nquma Izindawo Zokuvikela (LPZ)

LPZ0 → Indawo ye-LPZ1 (isb., ukungenisa kwamandla okuyinhloko):

 Uhlobo 1 noma Uhlobo 1+2 hybrid SPD.

Indawo ye-LPZ1 → LPZ2 (isb., iphaneli yokusabalalisa phansi):

Uhlobo 2 lwe-SPD.

Indawo ye-LPZ2 → LPZ3 (isb., ingxenye engaphambili yemishini):

Uhlobo 3 noma i-SPD enembile.

2.Ukukhethwa Kwepharamitha Eyinhloko

2.1I-Voltage Eqhubekayo Ephezulu (Uc)

2.1.1 Kumelwe kube ngaphezu kwe-voltage ekalwe yisistimu (isb., ohlelweni lwe-385V, khetha i-Uc ≥ 385V).

2.2.2 Cabangela ukushintshashintsha kwegridi (±10~20%).

2.2Izinga Lokuvikela I-Voltage (Phezulu)

2.2.1 I-Lower Up inikeza isivikelo esingcono kodwa kumele ihambisane ne-voltage yokumelana nemishini evikelwe.

2.2.2 Umthetho ojwayelekile: Kukhuphuke ≤ 80% we-voltage yokumelana nemishini (isb., uma imishini ingakwazi ukusingatha i-2.5kV, khetha Kukhuphuke ≤ 2.0kV).

2.3 Amandla Okuphatha Amanje (Ngaphakathi / Ngokumax)

• Uhlobo 1: Ku-≥ 12.5kA (ifomu lamagagasi angu-10/350μs).
• Uhlobo 2: Iphaneli yokusabalalisa eyinhloko: I-Imax ≥ 40kA (8/20μs).

Iphaneli yokusabalalisa okuncane: I-Imax ≥ 20kA (8/20μs).

• Uhlobo 3: Ku-≥ 5kA (igagasi elihlanganisiwe).

2.4 Isikhathi Sokuphendula

Ama-SPD ajwayelekile: ≤25ns.

Ukuze uthole imishini enembile, khetha izinketho ezisheshayo (isb., ama-diode e-TVS, ≤1ns).

3.Ukukhetha Ngokwesimo Sesicelo

3.1Izinhlelo Zokunikeza Amandla

3.1.1 Iphaneli Eyinhloko Yokusabalalisa: Uhlobo 1+2 hybrid SPD (isb., Imax = 100kA, Kukhuphuke ≤ 2.5kV).

3.1.2 Iphaneli Yokusabalalisa Engaphansi: Uhlobo 2 lwe-SPD (isb., I-Imax = 40kA, Iphezulu ≤ 1.8kV).

3.1.3 Isiphetho Semishini: Uhlobo 3 noma i-SPD efakwe kusokhethi (isb., Iphezulu ≤ 1.2kV).

3.2 Imigqa Yesignali/Yokuxhumana

3.2.1 Sebenzisa ama-SPD esignali anikezelwe, izinhlobo zesibonisi ezifanayo (isb., i-RJ45, i-RS485).

Naka izinga lokudlulisa kanye nokulahlekelwa kokufakwa (uma usebenzisa inethiwekhi ye-Gigabit, khetha imodeli ehambisana nemvamisa ephezulu)

3.Izinhlelo ze-PV/DC ezi-3

Khetha ama-DC SPD ane-voltage ephezulu yesistimu ye-Uc ≥ 1.2 ×.