Amapharamitha Abalulekile kanye nezindinganiso zokuhlola zamadivayisi okuvikela i-Surge (ama-SPD)

Idivayisi Evikelayo Yokukhuphuka (i-SPD): Idivayisi esetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ama-overvoltage esikhashana kanye nokuguqula ama-surge currents. Ama-SPD asetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusabalalisa ama-voltage aphansi kanye nezinhlelo zolwazi ukuvikela ama-overvoltage ombani, ama-overvoltage ashintshashintshayo, ama-lightning electromagnetic pulses (LEMP), kanye nama-electromagnetic interference (EMI). Ukuze kuvikelwe ohlangothini olune-high-voltage ngokumelene nama-overvoltage anjalo, kusetshenziswa izithiyo zokuvimba ama-surge esikhundleni salokho.

I. Amapharamitha Abalulekile Amadivayisi Okuvikela Ukwanda (ama-SPD)

1. I-Voltage Eqhubekayo Ephezulu (Uc): I-voltage ephezulu ye-root-mean-square (RMS) noma i-DC engasetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo kwimodi yokuvikela ye-SPD. Lokhu empeleni yi-voltage elinganisiwe ye-SPD. Inani le-Uc lithinta kokubili isikhathi sokuphila se-SPD kanye nezinga layo lokuvikela i-voltage. Ukukhetha inani eliphakeme le-Uc kungandisa impilo yesevisi yomkhiqizo kodwa kuzokwandisa ne-voltage esele, okulimaza imishini evikelwe.

2. Ukukhishwa Okujwayelekile Kwamanje (Ngaphakathi): Umthamo ophezulu wegagasi lamanje elingu-8/20μs i-SPD engamelana nalo. Le pharamitha isetshenziselwa izivivinyo zeSigaba II futhi isebenza njengenqubo yokulungiselela izivivinyo zeSigaba I neSigaba II. Izindinganiso ze-SPD zichaza uchungechunge lwamanani e-In, futhi abakhiqizi bakhetha izinga le-In elifanele lokuhlola. Uma i-SPD isidlulile isivivinyo, inani layo le-In liqokwa ngokusemthethweni njengezinga elikhethiwe.

3. Umkhawulo Wokukhishwa Kwamanje (i-Imax) Ezivivinyweni Zekilasi II: Umthamo ophezulu wegagasi lamanje elingu-8/20μs i-SPD engaliphatha. Ngenkathi incazelo ifana ne-In, amazinga e-SPD ahlinzeka ngochungechunge oluhlukile lwe-In kanye ne-Imax, kanye ne-Imax > In yekilasi elifanayo. Ukuphumelela ukuhlolwa ezingeni elithile le-In akuqinisekisi ukuthi i-SPD izodlula ezingeni elifanayo le-Imax, njengoba izimo zokuhlola (ubukhulu bamanje kanye nenani lama-impulses) ziyahlukahluka.

4. I-Impulse Current (Iimp): Amandla e-SPD okumelana negagasi lamanje lombani elingu-10/350μs, elibonakala ngamapharamitha amabili: ugesi ophezulu (i-Ipeak) kanye nokushaja (Q). Le pharamitha isetshenziselwa izivivinyo zeKlasi I.

5. Izinga Lokuvikela I-Voltage (Phezulu): Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-residual voltage, lokhu kubhekisela ku-voltage kuyo yonke i-SPD lapho uhlobo oluthile lwe-peak current lugeleza kuyo ngemva kokusebenza. Ukuphakama kumele kube ngaphansi kune-standby voltage yemishini evikelwe. GB50343-2012 *Ikhodi Yobuchwepheshe Yokuvikela Umbani Wezinhlelo Zolwazi Lwe-elekthronikhi Zokwakha* ichaza amazinga e-impulse stain voltage yezigaba ezahlukene zezinhlelo zokusabalalisa eziphansi. I-impulse stain voltage (Uw) elinganiselwe yemishini, enikezwe umenzi, ikhombisa amandla ayo okuvikela ngokumelene nama-overvoltage. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha kwe-SPD kumele kuqinisekise ukuthi i-Up

II. Ukuhlolwa Okufanelekile Kwamadivayisi Avikelayo Okukhuphukayo (ama-SPD)

Izigaba ezingenhla zikhuluma ngezivivinyo zeKlasi I kanye nezeKlasi II. Ngezansi kunezindlela zokuhlola:
1. Ukuhlolwa Kwekilasi I: Kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-nominal discharge current (In), i-voltage impulse engu-1.2/50μs, kanye ne-maximum impulse current Iimp (10/350μs lightning current wave). Uma ishaja idluliselwe ngaphakathi kwe-10 ms ingu-Q, i-peak current Ipeak = 0.5Q.
2. Ukuhlolwa Kwekilasi II: Kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-nominal discharge current (In), i-voltage impulse engu-1.2/50μs, kanye ne-maximum discharge current Imax (igagasi lamanje elingu-8/20μs).
3. Ukuhlolwa Kwekilasi Lesi-3: Kwenziwa kusetshenziswa igagasi elihlanganisiwe, elichazwa njenge-voltage ye-open-circuit engu-1.2/50μs (Uoc) kanye ne-current short-circuit engu-8/20μs (Isc) ekhiqizwa yi-generator yamagagasi ahlanganisiwe angu-2Ω.

Lezi zigaba zokuhlola azikho ngokwezinga eliphezulu ngakho-ke azikwazi ukuqhathaniswa ngqo. Abakhiqizi bangakhetha noma yiliphi ikilasi lokuhlola ukuze liqinisekiswe. Kodwa-ke, ekwakhiweni kukagesi, ukukhethwa kwama-SPD ahlolwe ngaphansi kweKilasi I noma iKilasi II kumele kuhambisane nalokhu:

I-IEC 61024: Kuphathelene nokuvikelwa kwabantu ngokuphepha ekushayweni umbani ezakhiweni, okuhlanganisa ukukhethwa kwamazinga okuvikela uhlelo lokuvikela umbani (LPS).

I-IEC 61312: Ibhekana nokuvikelwa kuma-pulse e-lightning electromagnetic (LEMP), okuhlanganisa nezidingo zokuvikela isakhiwo, ukusekela phansi, kanye nokubopha kwe-equipotential.

I-IEC 62305: Inikeza iziqondiso zokuklama izinhlelo zokuvikela umbani, ihlanganisa izimiso ezijwayelekile kanye nezidingo zokuvikela umbani.