Isingeniso

Emongweni wokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo samandla emhlabeni jikelele, izinhlelo zokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic (ilanga), ngenxa yezici zazo ezihlanzekile, ezivuselelekayo, nezisimeme, ziba yingxenye ebalulekile yomkhakha omusha wamandla. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokusebenza, izinhlelo ze-photovoltaic zibhekene nezinsongo ezahlukene zikagesi ezifana nokushaywa kombani, ukushintshashintsha kwegridi, kanye nokukhishwa kwe-electrostatic, okungase kubangele umonakalo wemishini, ukuvalwa kwesistimu, kanye nemiphumela emibi njengemililo. Izivikeli ze-Surge (Idivayisi Evikelayo Ye-Surge, i-SPD) njengengxenye eyinhloko yokuphepha kukagesi ezinhlelweni ze-photovoltaic zingacindezela ngempumelelo ama-overvoltage esikhashana kanye nemisinga ye-surge, ziqinisekise ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesistimu. Lesi sihloko sizohlola ngokujulile indima ebalulekile, izimiso zobuchwepheshe, izindlela zokukhetha, kanye nemikhuba yemakethe yezivikeli ze-surge ezinhlelweni ze-photovoltaic, ukuze kusizwe ochwepheshe bemboni baqonde kangcono ukubaluleka kwazo.

Ⅰ. Izinsongo Zikagesi Ezibhekene Nezinhlelo Ze-Photovoltaic kanye Nokubaluleka Kokuvikelwa Kokukhuphuka

1.1 Izici zendawo kagesi yesistimu ye-photovoltaic

Izinhlelo ze-photovoltaic zivame ukufakwa ngaphandle futhi zichayeke ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi, okwenza zibe sengozini yezinsongo zikagesi ezilandelayo.

1.1.1 Ukushaya Kombani

Ukushaywa kombani okuqondile noma ukushaywa kombani okubangelwa kungadala ama-overvoltage aphezulu kakhulu esikhashana kuma-photovoltaic arrays, ama-inverter, kanye nezinhlelo zokusabalalisa amandla.

1.1.2 Ukushintsha i-Overvoltage

Ukushintshwa kwegridi, izinguquko zomthwalo, noma ukuyeka kokuqalisa kwe-inverter kungabangela ugesi ongaphezu kwamandla.

1.1.3 Ukukhishwa Kwe-Electrostatic (ESD)

Ezindaweni ezomile, ukunqwabelana okungaguquki kungabangela umonakalo emishinini kagesi.

1.1.4 Ukuguquguquka kwegridi

Ukwenyuka kwamandla kagesi okungazelelwe, ukwehla, noma ukuphazamiseka kwe-harmonic kungathinta ukuzinza kwesistimu.

1.2 Izingozi Kubangelwa by Ama-Surge Currents kuya ku-Photovoltaic Systems

Uma izinyathelo zokuvikela ukukhuphuka kwamandla zingathathwa, uhlelo lwe-photovoltaic lungabhekana nezinkinga ezilandelayo:

- Umonakalo wemishini: Amadivayisi kagesi anembile njengama-inverter, abalawuli, kanye nezinhlelo zokuqapha asengozini yokuphazamiseka okukhulu futhi angase angasebenzi kahle.

- Ukwehla kokusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kukagesi: Ukuphazamiseka kukagesi okuvamile kungabangela ukuvalwa kwesistimu, kunciphise inani likagesi okhiqizwayo.

- Izingozi zokuphepha: Amandla kagesi amaningi angabangela imililo kagesi, okubangela izingozi empilweni yabantu kanye nasempahleni.

1.3 Ingqikithi Umsebenzi Abavikeli Bokukhuphuka

Isivikelo sokukhuphuka singakhipha ngokushesha ugesi ogelezayo futhi sinciphise ugesi ogelezayo, siqinisekise ukuthi zonke izingxenye zesistimu ye-photovoltaic zisebenza ngaphakathi kwebanga lamandla kagesi aphephile. Kuyisiqinisekiso esibalulekile sokuthembeka nokuphila kwesikhathi kwesistimu ye-photovoltaic.

Ⅱ. Ukusebenza Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezimiso Nobuchwepheshe Kwabavikeli Bokukhuphuka

2.1 Okuyisisekelo Ukusebenza Isimiso Sabavikeli Bokukhuphuka

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-SPD ukuthola i-overvoltage ngaphakathi kwezikhathi ze-nanosecond nokuvikela uhlelo ngezindlela ezilandelayo

• Ukubopha i-voltage: Ukusebenzisa izingxenye ezifana ne-varistors (MOV) kanye namashubhu okukhipha igesi (GDT) ukuze kuncishiswe i-overvoltage ibe sezingeni eliphephile.

• Ukushabalalisa amandla: Ukuguqula ugesi ogeleza ungene emhlabathini ukuze uvimbele ukuthi ungagelezeli emishinini.

• Ukuvuselelwa okuzenzakalelayo: Amanye ama-SPD angabuyela ngokuzenzakalela esimweni sawo sokusebenza esijwayelekile ngemva kokuqhuma okukhulu.

2.2 Ezobuchwepheshe Izici Zezivikeli Ezikhethekile Zokukhuphuka Kwezinhlelo Ze-Photovoltaic

Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic, i-SPD yalezi zinhlelo idinga ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezilandelayo:

- Ukumelana nogesi ophezulu: Igesi ye-DC ye-photovoltaic array ingafinyelela ngaphezu kwe-1000V, futhi i-SPD idinga ukufaniswa nezinga logesi eliphezulu.

- Umthamo wamandla amakhulu: Uyakwazi ukumelana nemithelela yamandla aphezulu ngesikhathi sokushaya kombani noma izifunda ezimfushane.

- I-voltage ephansi eseleyo: Iqinisekisa ukuthi imishini evikelwe ayithintwa yi-voltage ephezulu kakhulu.

- Ukumelana nesimo sezulu: Ivumelana nezimo zangaphandle ezinzima njengamazinga okushisa aphezulu naphansi, kanye nemisebe ye-ultraviolet.

2.3 Ukuhlukaniswa Abavikeli Bokukhuphuka

Ngokusho kwendawo yesicelo kanye nomsebenzi, i-SPD ye-photovoltaic ingahlukaniswa kanje:

• I-DC side SPD: Isetshenziswa phakathi kwe-photovoltaic module kanye ne-inverter, ukuvikela ekukhuphukeni kwe-DC side.

• I-SPD yohlangothi lwe-AC: Isetshenziswa ekugcineni kokukhipha kwe-inverter, ukuvikela ekukhuphukeni okuvela ohlangothini lwegridi.

• I-SPD Yesignali: Isetshenziselwa ukuvikela umbani wezintambo zokuthola idatha kanye nokuxhumana.

Ⅲ. Ukukhetha kanye Neziqondiso Zokufaka Zezivikeli Zokukhuphuka Kwe-Photovoltaic

3.1 Ukhiye Amapharamitha Ukukhetha

• I-voltage yokusebenza eqhubekayo ephezulu (Uc): Kumelwe ibe phezulu kune-voltage yokusebenza ephezulu kakhulu yesistimu.

• Ugesi okhishwayo ojwayelekile (In): Ubonisa amandla okubekezelela ukukhuphuka kwe-SPD. Ngokuvamile, inani elingaphezu kuka-20kA liyanconywa.

• Izinga lokuvikela i-voltage (Phezulu): Uma i-voltage esele iphansi, umphumela wokuvikela uba ngcono.

• Izinga lokuvikelwa kwe-IP: Ukuze ifakwe ngaphandle, idinga ukufinyelela ku-IP65 noma ngaphezulu.

3.2 Ukufakwa Imininingwane

- Ukufakwa eceleni kwe-DC: Kutholakala eduze kwe-photovoltaic array kanye ne-inverter ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhuphuka kwe-inductive line.

- Izidingo zokumisa umhlabathi: Qinisekisa ukuthi umhlabathi umisa umhlabathi ngendlela ephansi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokusatshalaliswa kwamanje.

- Ukuvikelwa okuqhekekile: Sebenzisa ama-SPD amaningi (njenge-Class I + Class II) ukuze uthole ukuvikelwa okuphelele.

Ⅳ.Emhlabeni jikelele Ilanga Amathrendi Emakethe Yomvikeli Wokukhuphuka

4.1 Ukushayela Izici Ukukhula Kwesidingo Semakethe

- Umthamo ofakiwe wamandla e-photovoltaic uyaqhubeka nokwenyuka (kulindeleke ukuthi umthamo ofakiwe womhlaba wonke wamandla e-photovoltaic uzodlula u-3000 GW ngo-2030).

- Imithethonqubo yokuphepha kagesi yamazwe ahlukahlukene iya ngokuya iba lukhuni (njengezindinganiso ezifana ne-IEC 61643 kanye ne-UL 1449).

- Ukunaka kwabanikazi ngokuthembeka kanye nesikhathi sokuphila kohlelo kukhuphukile.

4.2 Ukuqamba izinto ezintsha Isiqondiso Kwezobuchwepheshe

- I-SPD ehlakaniphile: Umsebenzi wokuqapha ohlanganisiwe, okwaziyo ukuqapha i-alamu ekude kanye nokuxilongwa kwamaphutha.

- Umklamo we-Modular: Usiza ekunakekelweni nasekushintsheni.

- Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zokushisa okubanzi: Iyakwazi ukumelana nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu.

Ⅴ. Isiphetho

Izivikeli zokuphakama ziyisiqinisekiso esiyinhloko sokusebenza okuphephile nokuzinzile kwezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic. Ukukhethwa kwazo, ukufakwa, kanye nokugcinwa kwazo kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kanye nesikhathi sokuphila kohlelo. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemboni ye-photovoltaic, ama-SPD asebenza kahle futhi ahlakaniphile azoba yinto evelele emakethe. Amabhizinisi kufanele aqinise ucwaningo lwezobuchwepheshe kanye nentuthuko futhi ahlinzeke ngemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu ehambisana namazinga omhlaba wonke ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulayo sokuphepha kukagesi emakethe ye-photovoltaic yomhlaba wonke.