1.Izingozi ezifihliwe ngemuva kwemboni ye-photovoltaic echumayo

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-photovoltaic ibilokhu ikhula ngesivinini esimangalisayo, njengerokhethi. Ngisakhumbula ukuthi ngesikhathi ngiya embukisweni wamandla elanga eJalimane eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, amandla emojuli ajwayelekile ayengaba ngu-300W. Manje, akuvamile ukubona amamojuli angu-600W+ amabili. Kodwa-ke, phakathi nalokhu kukhula kokufakwa, inkinga ebalulekile ivame ukunganakwa - ukuvikelwa kwesistimu.

Ngonyaka odlule, inkampani yethu yasingatha icala elivela eTurkey: isiteshi sikagesi esingu-5MW esifakwe phansi. Ezinyangeni ezintathu ngemva kokuxhunywa kugridi, ama-inverter amane ashiswa ngokulandelana. Ngesikhathi sophenyo lwasendaweni, kwatholakala ukuthi umnikazi wayesindise izindleko ngokushiya amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka komoya ohlangothini lwe-DC. Ukulahlekelwa kokugcina kwakungaphezu kwamaRandi angu-200,000 aseMelika, okwanele ukuthenga amakhulu ama-SPD aphezulu. Izifundo ezinjalo azivamile embonini.

2."Ababulali be-Voltage" babhekene nezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic

2.1Ukushaywa kombani: usongo oluyingozi kakhulu

Ngithole iphrojekthi yokwengeza amandla okudoba ngemisebe eHainan. Indawo yakule ndawo inezinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-90 zezinsuku zokuduma kwezulu minyaka yonke. Umphathi wabo wokusebenza wangitshela ukuthi ngaphambi kokufaka i-SPD, babehlala bekhathazekile ngesikhathi semvula njalo ngonyaka. Isigameko esibi kakhulu ukuthi umbani owabangelwa ukushaya umbani wabangela ukuthi zonke izinhlobo ze-inverters zohlobo lwezintambo kulo lonke i-array "zishayeke" ndawonye.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukushaya kombani okuqondile kuphela okuyingozi. Eqinisweni, idatha yethu yokuthola ikhombisa ukuthi ukushaya kombani ngaphakathi kwerediyasi engamakhilomitha amathathu kungadala ukukhuphuka okubangelwayo okunamandla okwanele ukulimaza imishini. Kwakukhona iphrojekthi yaseBrazil lapho indawo yokushaya kombani yayisepulazini eliseduze, kodwa yabangela ukuthi wonke amamojula okuqapha esistimu ye-photovoltaic ahluleke.

2.2Ukuguquguquka Kwegridi: Umbulali Ongabonakali

Ngesikhathi sihilelekile ekuqalisweni kwephrojekthi yophahla eVietnam ngonyaka odlule, saqopha idatha emangalisayo: Ukuguquguquka kwamandla kagesi kwegridi yamandla endawo ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kukagesi okuphezulu kuvame ukudlula u-15%. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kwamandla kagesi okuqhubekayo kulimaza kakhulu isikhathi sokuphila kwemishini kunokukhuphuka kwamandla ngokushesha.

Inkinga eyinkinga kakhulu i-surge current ekhiqizwa uhlelo lwe-photovoltaic uqobo. Khumbula, ngesinye isikhathi lapho kuhlolwa uhlobo oluthile lwe-inverter, i-voltage spike eyayikhiqiza ngesikhathi sokuvala empeleni yayiphindwe kane kune-voltage elinganisiwe! Lolu hlobo lwe-surge current "ezakhelwe yona futhi ezisebenzisa yona" yinto abanikazi bezindlu abaningi abangayiqapheli.

3.I-SPD ivikela kanjani uhlelo lwe-photovoltaic?

3.1Isivikelo esinezingqimba eziningi: Faka "ivesti elivikela izinhlamvu" ohlelweni

Uhlelo oluhle lokuvikela kufanele lufane no-anyanisi onezingqimba eziningi zokuzivikela. Sivame ukuncoma ukuthi amakhasimende asebenziseisu lokuvikela elinamazinga amathathu:

Izinga le-array:Faka i-Type 2 SPD ebhokisini lokuhlanganisa ukuze uvikeleke ekukhanyeni okukhulu okubangelwa yilanga.

Izinga le-inverter: Sebenzisa i-SPD ye-photovoltaic ezinikele ohlangothini lokufaka lwe-DC. Naka ngokukhethekile ukukhetha i-voltage ye-Uc.

Indawo yokuxhumanisa igridi:Faka i-SPD ehambisana nezici zegridi yendawo ohlangothini lwe-AC.

3.2Ukukhetha Ukungaqondi: Uma ipharamitha iphakeme, kungcono

Kuvame ukubonwa ukuthi amakhasimende aphishekela ngokungazi lutho amanani aphezulu e-Imax. Eqinisweni, kumaphrojekthi amaningi asatshalaliswa, umthamo wokukhipha we-20kA wanele. Isihluthulelo sikulokhu:

- Amandla okufanisa i-voltage (Uc ≥ 1.2 × I-voltage ephezulu yesistimu)

- Izinga le-voltage elisele (Lokhu kubalulekile njengoba kunquma ukuthi imishini ingavikelwa ngempela yini)

- Umsebenzi wokubonisa ukubola (Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu njengoba kungavimbela "i-zombie SPD")

Ikhasimende lase-Australia laphikelela ekufakeni i-SPD enesilinganiso esingu-40kA. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokukhethwa kwe-voltage ephansi kakhulu ye-Uc, i-SPD yaguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi lapho uhlelo lungaphansi komthwalo omncane.

3.3Ungavumeli ukuntuleka kokuvikela kudonsele phansi imbuyiselo yokutshalwa kwezimali

Ngibone abanikazi bezindlu abaningi abacophelelayo abazimisele ukusebenzisa imali eningi ezintweni ezisezingeni eliphezulu kodwa abaqaphela kakhulu ukuvikelwa kwesistimu. Eqinisweni, isixazululo se-SPD (Surge Protective Device) esiklanywe kahle sivame ukuba ngu-0.3% kuya ku-0.5% wezindleko zephrojekthi zizonke, kodwa singavimbela ukwehluleka kukagesi okungaphezu kuka-80%.

Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi wonke umuntu kufanele acabangele okulandelayo ngesikhathi sokuklama:

- Idatha yendawo ngezinsuku zokuduma kwezulu (engatholakala kalula ehhovisi lesimo sezulu)

- Imibiko yekhwalithi yegridi

- Izindinganiso zokubekezelela ukukhuphuka okukhulu ezibekwe abakhiqizi bemishini

Isiphetho

Ukuze uhlelo lwe-photovoltaic lusebenze kahle iminyaka engama-25, ludinga ukuvikelwa okuthembekile kokuqhuma. Kufana nokusebenza ezindaweni eziphakeme ngaphandle kokubopha ibhande lokuphepha - mhlawumbe uyakwazi ukuhlala uphephile izikhathi zokuqala ezingama-99, kodwa okweshumi kungabiza kakhulu.