Abavikeli Bokukhuphuka: "Isihlangu Esingabonakali" Esivikela Impilo Yanamuhla

1. Ama-Voltage Spikes Ayingozi: "Ababulali Abathule" Phakathi Kwethu

Ekhaya elingaphandle kweBangalore, eNdiya, uRajiv usakhumbula inhlekelele yesizini yezimvula yangonyaka odlule—ngemva kwesiphepho, i-LCD TV yakhe entsha sha, isiqandisi, kanye nama-air conditioner amabili konke kwayeka ukusebenza ngasikhathi sinye. Uchwepheshe wokulungisa wamnika isifo esingalindelekile: "Kwakungesona isiteleka sombani esiqondile. Umonakalo wabangelwa ukwanda kwamandla okubangelwa yigridi."

Izindaba ezifanayo ziyavela emhlabeni wonke. Ngokusho kwedatha evela kuMunich Re, izimangalo zomshuwalense womhlaba wonke zamadivayisi kagesi alimele ngenxa yokwanda kwamandla zikhuphuke ngo-17% ngo-2022 kuphela. Okukhathaza kakhulu, cishe u-65% wamadivayisi athintekile ayengenawo umshwalense wokuguquguquka kwamandla kagesi okukhethekile.

"Abantu bahlala beyithatha kancane amandla okubhubhisa okunyuka kwamandla kagesi ngokushesha," kuchaza uSolwazi Chen Zhiming ovela eMnyangweni Wezobunjiniyela Bezogesi eNyuvesi Kazwelonke yaseSingapore. "Ukunyuka kwamandla kagesi okuhlala isikhathi esingaphansi kwengxenye yesigidi yomzuzwana kungashintsha amashumi ezinkulungwane zamaRandi emishini ebucayi ibe yinsimbi elahliwe."

2. Ukuvikelwa Kokukhuphuka: Uguquko Lwezobuchwepheshe Kusukela Emafektri Kuya Emakamelweni Okuphila

Ukwanda kwezivikelo zokukhuphuka kwegesi kubonisa ukuvela kokuphepha kukagesi uqobo. Ngawo-1970, lawa madivayisi ayesetshenziswa kuphela ezikhungweni zezimboni ezisindayo. Onjiniyela kwa-Siemens eRuhr Valley eJalimane bafaka ama-prototypes okuqala ukuze bavikele izinhlelo zokulawula insimbi ezigingqika ngamamaki ayizigidi eziningi.

Izikhathi zishintshile. Namuhla, amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka (ama-SPD) aseyinto evamile. ETokyo, izakhiwo zamafulethi zesimanje zihlonyiswe kusengaphambili ngezinhlelo zokuvikela ezintathu. ELos Angeles, abafaki bezindlu abahlakaniphile baphatha ama-SPD njengejwayelekile. Futhi emakethe ye-elekthronikhi yaseHuaqiangbei yaseShenzhen, izingcezu zamandla ezivikelwe ukukhuphuka ezinezimbobo ze-USB zithengiswa ngaphansi kwama-yuan ayi-100.

"Le makethe iyahlukahluka," kuphawula uMaria Gonzalez, umhlaziyi kwaFrost & Sullivan. "Izimakethe ezisezingeni eliphezulu zidinga izixazululo ezihlakaniphile nezihlanganisiwe, kuyilapho iminotho esafufusa ibeka phambili ukuvikelwa okuyisisekelo 'okwanele'."

3. Umbono Wemakethe Yomhlaba Wonke: Izindlela Zesifunda

IYurophu ithanda izixazululo ezihlelekile. EBerlin, ama-85% ezakhiwo ezintsha zokuhlala afaka ukuvikelwa kokuqhuma kwendlu yonke, okuqhutshwa yimithetho yokwakha eqinile.

Abathengi baseNyakatho Melika babonisa ukuthambekela okusebenzayo. UMike Johnson, uchwepheshe kagesi waseTexas, uthi, "Iningi lamakhasimende licabanga kuphela ngama-SPD ngemva kokulahlekelwa. Kufana nomshwalense—abantu bacabanga ukuthi izinhlekelele ngeke zibahlasele."

ENingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, abasunguli bezinto ezintsha balungisa izixazululo ngokwezimo zendawo. Ama-SPD aqalayo aseThailand amelana nomswakama e-ElecSure, aklanyelwe izimo zezulu ezishisayo, athole isabelo semakethe esingu-15% zingakapheli izinyanga eziyisithupha kusukela ekwethulweni.

4. Ukungabekezeleleki Okunganakwa

Ngisho nasezifundeni ezinolwazi oluqinile ngokuvikelwa kokunyuka kwezintaba, imibono eyiphutha isaqhubeka. Ucwaningo lwe-Seoul National University lwembule:

- 42% wabaphenduli bakholelwa ukuthi "izinto zikagesi ezibizayo zinesivikelo esakhelwe ngaphakathi"
- 68% babengazi ukuthi ama-SPD adinga ukushintshwa ngezikhathi ezithile
- Cishe amaphesenti angama-90 emindeni ayengakaze ahlole izinhlelo zawo zokufaka inhlabathi phansi

“Izingozi ezinkulu akuzona izingozi ezingaziwa, kodwa lezo ezingaqondwa kahle,” kusho uKim Min-chul we-Korea Electrical Safety Corporation.

5. Ikusasa Lilapha: Ukuvikelwa Kwesizukulwane Esilandelayo

Embukisweni Wezinto Ezisunguliwe ZaseGeneva International, i-SPD yenkampani yaseSwitzerland i-GuardTech “ezelaphayo” yabangela umuzwa. Isebenzisa izinto ezincane, ingalulama ngokuzimela ngemva kokunyuka, okuhlala isikhathi eside ngokuphindwe kayishumi kunezinhlobo ezivamile.

Okwamanje, i-AI iyangena ensimini. Uhlelo lokuqapha amandla lwe-Huawei lusebenzisa ukufunda komshini ukubikezela ukungalingani kwegridi, lusebenze ukuvikela ngaphambi kokwenza.

"Lokhu kuguqukela ngale kokuzivikela okungenamsebenzi," kusho uMongameli we-IEEE Power Electronics Society uDavid Freeman. "Sekuba ukuvikela okuhlakaniphile nokusebenzayo."

Isiphetho: Ukuvikelwa Okungabonakali, Ikusasa Elibonakalayo  

Umlando wobuchwepheshe bokuvikela ukukhuphuka kwegesi ufundeka njengomlando omfushane wokufakwa kukagesi kwesimanje. Kusukela emishinini yezimboni engaqinile kuya kubanakekeli bezindlu abahlakaniphile banamuhla, ama-SPD abonisa ukuqonda okujulile kwesintu ngamandla kagesi.

Njengoba ushintsho lwesimo sezulu luba lubi kakhulu futhi isimo sezulu esibi sikhula njalo, mhlawumbe sonke kufanele sibuze: Uma sithenga leyo TV ehlakaniphile yanamuhla, akufanele yini sitshale imali "ku-voltage Guardian" ethembekile?

■ Amathiphu Asheshayo:

Ukukhetha Abavikeli Bokukhuphuka Kwasekhaya
1. Hlola izitifiketi (UL, CE, CCC)
2. Qondanisa izinga lokuvikela nenani ledivayisi
3. Hlola minyaka yonke
4. Qaphela ukukhishwa okuphezulu kwamanje
5. Khetha amamodeli anezinkomba zesimo