Isingeniso

Ezweni lanamuhla eliqhutshwa ubuchwepheshe, imishini kagesi neye-elekthronikhi isengozini enkulu kunanini ngaphambili yokulimala okuvela ekukhuphukeni kwamandla okubangelwa ukushaywa kombani, ukushintshashintsha kwegridi, noma imisebenzi yokushintsha kwangaphakathi. Izivikeli zokukhuphuka, ezaziwa nangokuthi amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka (ama-SPD), zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni imishini ebucayi ekukhuphukeni kwamandla kagesi. Lesi sihloko sihlola ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwezivikeli zokukhuphuka ezimbonini ezahlukene futhi sibonisa ukusebenza kwazo ngezifundo zamacala.

1. Izicelo Zokuhlala

(I) Ukuvikelwa Kwezinto Zasekhaya

Namuhla, imindeni yanamuhla ayikwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene kagesi, njenge-TV, amakhompyutha, iziqandisi, kanye nezinhlelo zasekhaya ezihlakaniphile. Uma la madivayisi ebhekene nokwanda kwamandla ngokuzumayo, cishe azokonakala, okungagcini nje ngokuphazamisa impilo yansuku zonke, kodwa futhi okungase kulethe izindleko zokulungisa noma zokushintsha ezibizayo.

Thatha indlu yasemadolobheni eFlorida, e-USA njengesibonelo. Ngesinye isikhathi, kwaba nombani eduze, okwabangela ukwanda okukhulu kwamandla kagesi, futhi izinto zikagesi eziningi zemindeni eseduze zonakala, njenge-TV, ama-router, kanye nezinhlelo ze-HVAC. Kodwa-ke, umndeni owodwa wafaka isivikelo sokukhuphuka kwendlu yonke ebhodini lokusabalalisa eliyinhloko kusengaphambili, futhi awuzange ulimale, kuyilapho abanye omakhelwane belahlekelwa kakhulu.

(II) Uhlelo Lokukhiqiza Amandla Elanga

Ngokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwamaphaneli elanga, ukubaluleka kokuvikelwa kokukhuphuka kwamandla kuye kwaba yinto evelele kakhulu. Uhlelo lokugcina amandla lwe-inverter kanye nebhethri ohlelweni lokukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga lubuthakathaka kakhulu futhi lusengozini yokukhuphuka kwamandla.

EJalimane, umninikhaya wafaka isivikelo sesibili sokukhuphuka kwamandla kagesi ngokufakwa kwe-inverter yelanga. Kamuva, i-transformer eseduze yehluleka, okwabangela ukuguquguquka kwegridi. Ngenxa yesivikelo sokukhuphuka kwamandla kagesi, i-voltage eyengeziwe yaphambukiswa futhi i-inverter yavinjelwa ekulimaleni, okwakungabiza ama-euro angaphezu kuka-2,000 ukuyishintsha.

2. Izicelo Zezentengiselwano Nezimboni

(I) Izikhungo Zedatha

Izikhungo zedatha zinezidingo zamandla ezikhethekile kakhulu futhi kumele ziqinisekise ukuthi ukunikezwa kwamandla akuphazamiseki ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza okuvamile kwamaseva. Ngisho nokwanda okuncane kungabangela ukulahleka kwedatha noma umonakalo weseva, okuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwezomnotho.

Isikhungo Sedatha se-Google eSingapore siyisibonelo esihle. Isikhungo sedatha sisebenzisa uhlelo lokuvikela ukukhuphuka kwamazinga amaningi, olune-level 1 surge protector (lightning arrester) efakwe emnyango kanye ne-level 3 surge protector (end-use) efakwe eduze kweseva. Ngesinye isikhathi, isikhungo sedatha sashaywa ngqo umbani, kodwa i-surge protector yaqeda ngempumelelo ukukhuphuka kwamazinga futhi yagwema isikhathi sokungasebenzi esasingabangela ukulahlekelwa yimali engenayo kwezigidi zamaRandi.

(II) Izitshalo Zokukhiqiza

Ezitshalweni zokukhiqiza, imishini efana nemishini yezimboni, abalawuli be-logic abahlelekayo (ama-PLC) kanye namathuluzi omshini we-CNC azwela kakhulu ekushintsheni kwamandla kagesi. Uma amandla kagesi engajwayelekile, le mishini ingase ingasebenzi kahle.

Imboni yokukhiqiza izimoto iToyota eJapane iyazi kahle lokhu. Bahlomise imishini yabo yokushisela amarobhothi ngamadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka. Ngesinye isikhathi, kwaba nombani eduze kwefektri, kodwa isivikelo sokukhuphuka savikela ngempumelelo izingalo zamarobhothi ezingu-15 ekulimaleni. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi lokhu konge cishe u-$500,000 ezindlekweni zokulungisa ezingaba khona.

(III) Izikhungo zokunakekelwa kwempilo

Izikhungo zokunakekelwa kwempilo ezifana nezibhedlela zithembele emishinini ehlukahlukene ebalulekile, njengemishini ye-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ama-ventilator, kanye nezinhlelo zokuqapha. Uma la madivayisi onakele, ngeke abangele ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho kuphela, kodwa futhi athinte nokwelashwa nokunakekelwa kweziguli.

Esibhedlela eSydney, e-Australia, kufakwa izivikelo zokuhlinzwa zezinga lezokwelapha kuzo zonke izinto ezisegumbini lokunakekela abagula kakhulu (i-ICU). Lapho kuvela isiphepho sikagesi endaweni, isivikelo sokuhlinzwa saphumelela ekuvimbeleni umonakalo emishinini ebalulekile futhi saqinisekisa ukuthi iziguli zingathola ukunakekelwa okungaphazanyiswa.

3Ezokuxhumana kanye nengqalasizinda

(I) Iziteshi zesisekelo ezihambayo

Imibhoshongo yokuxhumana ihlaselwa kalula umbani ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo eziphakeme. Uma isishayiwe, izinsizakalo zenethiwekhi zingase ziphazamiseke, okubangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kubasebenzisi.

Umqhubi wezokuxhumana eSeoul, eNingizimu Korea, uthathe izinyathelo ezisebenzayo. Bafake uhlobo lwesivikelo sokukhuphuka kwegesi emibhoshongweni yabo ye-5G. Ngesikhathi semvula, le mibhoshongo yashaywa umbani izikhathi eziningi, kodwa ngenxa yokuvikelwa kwezivikelo zokukhuphuka kwegesi, kwakungekho sikhathi sokungasebenzi, kuyilapho lezo zindawo ezingenazo izivikelo zokukhuphuka kwegesi zazidinga ukulungiswa njalo.

(II) Uhlelo Lokulawula Ithrafikhi

Ukusebenza okuvamile kwe-Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) akuhlukaniseki nokunikezwa kwamandla okuzinzile, okudinga ukusebenza okungaphazanyiswa kwemishini efana nezimpawu zokulawula namakhamera okuqapha.

Kuphrojekthi yedolobha elihlakaniphile laseDubai, uhlelo lokuphatha ithrafikhi lufakwe isivikelo sokukhuphuka kwejubane sesilawuli sesignali. Ngesinye isikhathi, isiteshi esincane esiseduze sehlulekile, okwabangela ukwanda kwamandla. Kodwa isivikelo sokukhuphuka kwejubane saphumelela ekunciphiseni inkinga futhi sagwema isiphithiphithi sethrafikhi okungenzeka ukuthi sasibangelwe ukwehluleka kwesignali.

4Insimu Yamandla Avuselelekayo

(I) Ama-Wind Turbine

Amapulazi omoya atholakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezivulekile futhi asengozini yokushaywa umbani. Uma uhlelo lokulawula lwe-turbine lonakele, ngeke lugcine ngokubangela ukuvalwa kwemishini, kodwa futhi lungase lulethe ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezomnotho.

Ipulazi lomoya elingasogwini oLwandle Olusenyakatho ye-United Kingdom libaluleke kakhulu ekuvikeleni ukukhuphuka kwegesi. Bafake izivikelo zokukhuphuka kwegesi zesistimu yokulawula i-turbine. Ngesinye isikhathi, ipulazi lomoya lashaywa ngqo ngumbani, kodwa isivikelo sokukhuphuka kwegesi saphumelela ekuvimbeleni umonakalo ohlelweni lwe-SCADA futhi sagwema ukulahlekelwa yisikhathi sokungasebenzi okwakungaba yizigidi eziyi-1 zamaRandi.

(II) Iziteshi Zokushaja Izimoto Zikagesi (i-EV)

Ukusebenza okuvamile kweziteshi zokushaja izimoto zikagesi kudinga nokuvikelwa okuqinile kokuqhuma ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokuthembeka.

Thatha iTesla Supercharger Network eCalifornia njengesibonelo. ITesla isebenzise izindlela zokuvikela ukukhuphuka kwegesi eziteshini zayo zeSupercharger. Uma kwenzeka ukungazinzi kwegridi, isivikelo sokukhuphuka kwegesi siphumelele ekuvimbeleni umonakalo kuyunithi yokushaja, siqinisekisa isevisi eqhubekayo kubasebenzisi bezimoto zikagesi.

5Izicelo Zezolimo

(I) Izinhlelo Zokunisela

Izinhlelo eziningi zokunisela zezolimo zanamuhla zithembele kubalawuli be-elekthronikhi ukuze zisebenze ngokuzenzakalela. Uma laba balawuli sebehlaselwe ukwanda kwamandla, bangase babangele ukuthi uhlelo lokunisela luhluleke, okube sekuthinta ukukhula kwezitshalo.

Isikhungo sezolimo eNetherlands salungiswa kusengaphambili. Bafake izivikeli zokugeleza kwesistimu yabo yokunisela ezenzakalelayo. Lapho i-transformer eseduze yehluleka futhi ibangela ukwanda kwamandla, isivikelo sokugeleza kwegesi savikela ngempumelelo iyunithi yokulawula futhi sagwema ukwehluleka kokunisela kwezitshalo.

Isiphetho

Izivikeli zokuvuvukala kwemithambo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke nasezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ezinobungozi obukhulu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yizinto zikagesi zokuhlala, imishini yezimboni, noma izinhlelo zokuxhumana kanye namandla avuselelekayo, izivikeli zokuvuvukala kwemithambo zivimbela ngempumelelo umonakalo omkhulu kanye nokulahlekelwa kwezomnotho. Lesi sihloko sibonisa ngokugcwele indima ebalulekile edlalwa yizivikeli zokuvuvukala kwemithambo ekuqinisekiseni ukuqhubeka kokusebenza ezimbonini ezahlukene ngochungechunge lwezifundo zamacala.

Namuhla, umhlaba wethu uya ngokuya uba ugesi, futhi ukutshala imali ezivikelweni zokuvikela ukukhuphuka kwegesi ezisezingeni eliphezulu akuseyona nje indlela yokuqapha, kodwa kuyisinqumo esidingekayo.