Uyini Umehluko Phakathi Kwamadivayisi Avikelayo E-Surge kanye Nama-Circuit Breakers

1. Umehluko Phakathi Kwamadivayisi Okuvikela Ukukhuphuka kanye Nama-Circuit Breakers

1.1 idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka

Idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka (i-SPD), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-low voltage lightning arrester noma i-low voltage surge arrester, iyidivayisi esetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukukhuphuka okubangelwa ukukhuphuka okunamandla kwesikhashana kumasekethe kagesi noma emigqeni yokuxhumana, ngaleyo ndlela ivikele imishini. Isimiso sayo esisebenzayo ukuthi lapho kwenzeka ukukhuphuka noma ukukhuphuka kwesikhashana kwesikhashana kwisekethe, idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka izohamba ngokushesha, iqondise ukukhuphuka phansi.

Ngokusho kohlobo lwemishini evikelwe, amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka kwejubane angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka kwejubane kanye namadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka kwejubane. Amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka kwejubane angahlukaniswa kabanzi, ngokusekelwe kumthamo wokuvikela, abe amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka kwejubane lohlobo 1, 2, 3, kanye nohlobo 4. Amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka kwejubane lohlobo afaka amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka kwejubane lohlelo lwenethiwekhi, amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka kwejubane lohlelo lwevidiyo, amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka kwejubane lokuqapha angu-3-in-1, amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka kwejubane lokulawula, kanye namadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka kwejubane lohlelo lwe-RF (antenna-feeder).

1.2 I-Circuit Breaker

I-circuit breaker, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi i-air switch, iyithuluzi lokuphepha elisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zikagesi. Linqamula i-circuit ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho ugesi udlula umkhawulo omisiwe. Lokhu kuvikela i-circuit kagesi kanye nemishini ezinkingeni ezifana ne-short circuit noma i-overload.

Abantu bavame ukusebenzisa ama-circuit breaker ukulawula ugesi ezindaweni ezifana nezinhlelo zokukhanyisa noma amakamelo okupompa. Idivayisi isebenza ngokusekelwe ekushiseni. Uma ugesi omningi ugeleza nge-breaker, ukhiqiza ukushisa. Lokhu kushisa kubangela ukuthi umucu wensimbi ngaphakathi kwe-breaker ugobe. Ngenxa yalokho, i-breaker iyakhubeka futhi inqume ugesi. Lokhu kuvimbela umonakalo emishinini obangelwa ugesi omningi.

2. Umehluko Phakathi Kwamadivayisi Amabili

2.1 Izimiso zokusebenza zihlukile: Idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka iqhutshwa lapho kwenzeka i-overvoltage yesikhashana esifundeni, iphambukisa i-voltage eyengeziwe iye phansi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-circuit breaker inqamula isifunda ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho ugesi udlula umkhawulo olinganiselwe, ngaleyo ndlela ivikele imishini kagesi.

2.2 Imisebenzi yokuvikela ihlukile: Idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka kwegesi yenzelwe ukuvikela imishini kagesi kanye neyokuxhumana ekulimaleni kokukhuphuka kwegesi ngaphakathi kwesekethe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-circuit breaker ivikela isekethe emaphutheni afana nama-short circuits kanye nokugcwala ngokweqile.

Izikophu zokuvikela zihlukile: Idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka ingavikela kokubili izinhlelo zokuphakelwa kwamandla kanye nemigqa yokuxhumana. I-circuit breaker inqunyelwe ekuvikeleni imishini kagesi exhunywe kwi-power circuit.

3. Ulwazi Oluyisisekelo Lokukhetha Idivayisi Evikelayo Yokukhuphuka (i-SPD)

Izici ezibalulekile zokukhetha idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka zifaka okulandelayo:

Izinga lokuvikela i-voltage (Up) kufanele likhethwe ngokwe-voltage yokumelana yemishini evikelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-voltage yokuvikela iphansi kunezinga lokumelana nokushisa, ngaleyo ndlela kuvikelwe imishini emonakalweni obangelwa yi-overvoltage. Inani le-Up kufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-80% we-voltage yokumelana nokushisa yemishini evikelwe. Isibonelo, ebhokisini lokusabalalisa legatsha lesakhiwo sokuhlala, inani le-Up livame ukukhethwa phakathi kuka-1.5kV no-2.5kV. Lapho kuvikelwa imishini kagesi ebucayi njengezinhlelo zokulawula ikhaya ezihlakaniphile, inani le-Up eliphansi kufanele likhethwe.

I-voltage yokusebenza eqhubekayo ephezulu (Uc) ikhombisa i-AC RMS noma i-DC voltage ephezulu kakhulu i-SPD engayimela ngokuphephile isikhathi eside. Kufanele ibe nkulu kune-voltage yokusebenza eqhubekayo ephezulu kakhulu engase ivele ohlelweni futhi ngokuvamile ikhethwa ngokusekelwe ku-voltage evamile yesistimu. Kuhlelo lokuphakelwa kwamandla okuhlala lwe-220V/380V, inani le-Uc elingu-385V noma i-420V livame ukukhethwa. Kuhlelo lwe-photovoltaic, inani le-Uc ledivayisi yokuvikela i-surge kufanele likhethwe ngokusekelwe ku-voltage yokufaka ephezulu kakhulu ye-inverter ye-photovoltaic. Lapho uhlelo lokuphakelwa kwamandla lunokuguquguquka okukhulu kwe-voltage, kufanele kukhethwe inani le-Uc eliphakeme.

Umthamo wokukhipha ubhekisela kumthamo wokukhipha ophezulu kakhulu i-SPD engawumelana nawo emcimbini owodwa wokukhipha. Uhlanganisa umthamo wokukhipha ojwayelekile (In) kanye nomthamo wokukhipha ophezulu (Imax). Ukukhetha kufanele kusekelwe endaweni yokufaka kanye namandla angaba khona okukhishwa kombani. Isibonelo, ebhokisini lokusabalalisa eliyinhloko, kudingeka umthamo omkhulu wokukhipha, kanti ebhokisini lokusabalalisa lokugcina, umthamo omncane unganele. Umthamo wokukhipha ojwayelekile (In) umelela izinga lomthamo wokukhipha ojwayelekile i-SPD engawumelana nawo ngokuphindaphindiwe ngaphandle komonakalo. Ukukhethwa kwe-In kuncike ezintweni ezifana nendawo, ukuphakama, indawo ezungezile, kanye nezinga lokuvikela umbani elidingekayo. Ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezinezakhiwo ezinde ezizungezile, i-In ingakhethwa njengo-20kA; ezindaweni ezivulekile noma ezifundeni ezinomsebenzi wokukhanyisa ovamile, i-In kufanele ibe ngu-30kA noma ngaphezulu.

Ugesi ophezulu wokukhipha (i-Imax) umelela ugesi ophezulu we-SPD ongawumelana nesenzakalo esisodwa. Ukukhetha kufana ne-In kodwa kumele futhi kucabangele indawo yokufaka, ukubaluleka kwesakhiwo, kanye nenani lemishini. Ezakhiweni zokuhlala ezivamile, i-Imax ingakhethwa phakathi kuka-40kA no-60kA; ezakhiweni zokuhlala ezisezingeni eliphezulu noma ezindaweni ezinemishini ebalulekile, i-Imax kufanele ibe ngu-80kA noma ngaphezulu.

Isikhathi sokuphendula sibonisa ijubane le-SPD ekuphenduleni ekukhuphukeni kombani. Uma isikhathi sokuphendula sifushane, kungcono. Ngokuvamile, kunconywa ukukhetha ama-SPD anesikhathi sokuphendula esingaphansi kwama-25ns ukuqinisekisa ukucindezela okusheshayo nokukhipha ukuqhuma, ukunciphisa umonakalo ongaba khona emishinini.