Ezinhlelweni zamandla zesimanje kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zemishini kagesi, ama-surge protectors (ama-SPD) nama-inverter, njengezingxenye ezimbili ezibalulekile, ukusebenza kwawo ngokubambisana kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuphephile nokuzinzile kohlelo lonke. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwamandla avuselelekayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwamadivayisi kagesi kagesi, ukusetshenziswa okuhlangene kwalawa amabili sekuvame kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sizogxila ezimisweni zokusebenza, izindlela zokukhetha, izindlela zokufaka ama-SPD nama-inverter, kanye nokuthi angahlanganiswa kanjani kahle ukuze ahlinzeke ngokuvikelwa okuphelele kwezinhlelo zamandla.

Ezinhlelweni zikagesi zanamuhla, idivayisi yokuvikela i-surge (ama-SPD) idlala indima ebalulekile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusemakhaya, ezimbonini, ezikhungweni zedatha noma eziteshini zokuxhumana, ama-SPD angavikela ngempumelelo ekushiseni kwamandla kagesi okudlulayo okubangelwa ukushaywa kombani, ukushintshashintsha kwegridi yamandla nezinye izici, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile kwemishini. Lesi sihloko sizokwethula incazelo, isimiso sokusebenza, indlela yokukhetha kanye nomhlahlandlela wokufaka ama-SPD ngokuningiliziwe, futhi sixoxe ngokubaluleka kwawo ngamacala asebenzayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizohlaziya nemiphumela emibi engase ivele uma kungekho i-SPD.

Ngo-2024, ukulahlekelwa okuqondile kwezomnotho okubangelwe ukushaywa kombani emhlabeni wonke kwafinyelela kumaRandi ayizigidigidi ezingu-4.7, cishe u-60% walokhu kulahlekelwa kubangelwa ukuvikelwa okunganele kwezinhlelo zikagesi. Njengedivayisi ebalulekile yokumelana nokwanda kwamandla kagesi, ikhwalithi yokufaka yamadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka kwamandla (ama-SPD) inquma ngqo ukuthembeka kohlelo lonke lwamandla. Lesi sihloko sizohlola izimfihlo zokufakwa kwalesi "sivikelo samandla", sikuqondise ngesisombululo esibanzi kusukela esimisweni kuya ekusetshenzisweni okusebenzayo.

Umthamo womhlaba wonke wokufakwa kwe-photovoltaic udlule ku-350GW ngonyaka odlule, kanti iShayina inikele ngaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu. Lobu buchwepheshe obuluhlaza obuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ugesi bubone izindleko zalo zehla ngo-80% eminyakeni eyishumi, kodwa bubhekene nosongo olubulalayo lokushaywa kombani - isiteshi sikagesi e-Arizona, e-United States, esake salahlekelwa yizigidi ezimbili zamaRandi ngenxa yokushaywa kombani. Izivikeli zokushisa ziye zaba "yizinto ezisindisa impilo" zeziteshi zikagesi, ziqondisa amashumi ezinkulungwane zama-volts kagesi wombani emhlabathini ngenethiwekhi yokuvikela enamazinga amathathu. Ochwepheshe bezimboni baveze ukuthi njengoba i-voltage yezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic ikhuphuka iye ku-1500V, imishini yokuvikela ingenisa inguquko yezobuchwepheshe ezintweni ze-silicon carbide.

Kusukela ekufakweni kuya ekulungisweni, le mininingwane akumelwe inganakwa

Ezinhlelweni zamandla zanamuhla, ama-surge protectors (SPD) afana "nenqubomgomo yomshuwalense" yamadivayisi kagesi. Kodwa bewazi? Le divayisi ebonakala ilula, uma ifakiwe noma ingasetshenziswanga kahle, ayigcini nje ngokwehluleka ukunikeza isivikelo kodwa ingaba yingozi yokuphepha. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngezinto eziwusizo zokusebenzisa ama-SPD.

Njengoba umthamo womhlaba wonke we-photovoltaic ofakiwe udlula uphawu lwe-1TW, ukuthembeka kohlelo kanye nezinkinga zokuphepha ziya ngokuya zigqama. Ngokwezibalo zakamuva ezivela kwiKomidi Lobuchwepheshe le-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) TC82, ukwehluleka kohlelo lukagesi kubangela ukwehluleka kokusebenza nokugcinwa kweziteshi zikagesi ze-photovoltaic okungafika ku-41.3%, lapho umonakalo wemishini obangelwa ukudlula kwamandla kagesi okwesikhashana ubangela u-28.7% wokwehluleka okuphelele. Lesi simo sibaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo ezineziphepho eziningi.

Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemboni ye-photovoltaic yomhlaba wonke, ukuphepha nokuzinza kwezinhlelo zokukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga sekuyinto ebalulekile embonini. Izinhlelo ze-photovoltaic zivezwa ngaphandle isikhathi eside futhi zisengozini yezinsongo ezifana nokushaywa kombani, ukushintshashintsha kwegridi yamandla, kanye nokwehluleka kwemishini, okungase kubangele umonakalo wemishini noma ngisho nomlilo. Abavikeli bokukhuphuka (ama-SPD), ama-circuit breaker, nama-fuse ngamadivayisi okuvikela abalulekile enza imisebenzi yawo futhi abambisane ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile kwesistimu. Lesi sihloko sizohlaziya ngokujulile imisebenzi yabo, izindlela zokuxhumanisa, kanye nesidingo sokuhlinzeka ngezinkomba kubasebenzisi bemboni.

Kungani Imishini Yakho Idinga "i-Voltage Bodyguard"?

Cabanga ngalokhu: Ngobusuku obunesiphepho obunombani ohamba esibhakabhakeni, imishini yakho yokunemba ebiza amakhulu ezinkulungwane ngokuzumayo "iyashaya." Lesi akusona isigcawu esivela ku-movie ethusayo kodwa yiphupho elibi langempela amafektri amaningi kanye nemindeni eye yabhekana nalo. Idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka kwamandla (i-SPD) "iyiqhawe elikhulu" lale ndaba—ekwaziyo ukubamba ukuphakama kwamandla kagesi okuyingozi ngesigamu sesigidi somzuzwana. Kodwa nansi into ebambekayo: abantu abaningi baletha lo "mlindi" ekhaya bengazi ukuthi bayisebenzise kanjani kahle.

Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalo mqaphi wokuphepha kagesi obonakala ulula kodwa oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

Ezweni lanamuhla eliqhutshwa ubuchwepheshe, imishini kagesi neye-elekthronikhi isengozini enkulu kunanini ngaphambili yokulimala okuvela ekukhuphukeni kwamandla okubangelwa ukushaywa kombani, ukushintshashintsha kwegridi, noma imisebenzi yokushintsha kwangaphakathi. Izivikeli zokukhuphuka, ezaziwa nangokuthi amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka (ama-SPD), zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni imishini ebucayi ekukhuphukeni kwamandla kagesi. Lesi sihloko sihlola ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwezivikeli zokukhuphuka ezimbonini ezahlukene futhi sibonisa ukusebenza kwazo ngezifundo zamacala.

Isingeniso

Ama-Surge protectors (ama-SPD) ayizingxenye ezibalulekile ezinhlelweni zikagesi zokunciphisa ama-overvoltage esikhashana kanye nokushintshana kwemisinga yokukhuphuka. Asetshenziswa kabanzi kokubili ohlelweni lwamandla aqondile (DC) kanye nolwamandla ashintshanayo (AC). Ngenxa yezici ezahlukene zama-DC surge protectors kanye nama-AC surge protectors, ama-surge protectors awo nawo ahluke kakhulu ngesakhiwo, isimiso sokusebenza, kanye nezimo zokusetshenziswa. Lesi sihloko sizohlaziya ukufana kanye nomehluko phakathi kwama-DC surge protectors kanye nama-AC surge protectors ngokuningiliziwe, futhi sinikeze izincomo zokukhetha.